{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T06:49:31Z","timestamp":1777877371055,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,1]],"date-time":"2012-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1338508800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Lyme disease is the most common vector-borne disease in the United Kingdom and its incidence has been increasing in recent years. However, limited information is available on its epidemiology and dynamics in the U.K. A survey in wild deer to investigate the presence of antibodies reactive to\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Borrellia burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n                    was conducted to obtain initial information on the distribution pattern of the spirochete in England and Wales. Samples from roe deer (n=604) and red deer (n=80) were collected in eight different locations. An ELISA protocol was developed to identify antibodies reactive to\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n                    s.l. Seropositivity was investigated by location of sampling, over time, and in relation to the level of deer tick infestation. Twenty-three percent of animals had a positive serology. Seroprevalence varied according to location with the southern forestry districts showing higher seroprevalence rates. One northern location showed an unexpectedly high proportion of positive deer. Variations in the proportion of positive animals were also observed over time. Tick load was higher from spring through autumn, and its relation to seroprevalence was compatible with higher tick infectivity during the spring and summer months. This study represents the first assessment of distribution of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Borrelia<\/jats:italic>\n                    antibodies in deer in the U.K. and identifies areas that are potential hot spots for human Lyme borreliosis. Targeted epidemiological studies should be conducted to evaluate the actual disease risk for humans.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2011.0635","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,26]],"date-time":"2012-03-26T10:17:06Z","timestamp":1332757026000},"page":"448-455","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["<i>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/i>\n                    Serosurvey in Wild Deer in England and Wales"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Silvia","family":"Alonso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Veterinary College","place":["U.K."]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francisco J.","family":"M\u00e1rquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad de Ja\u00e9n","place":["Spain"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laia","family":"Solano-Gallego","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Veterinary College","place":["U.K."]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.bmb.a011717"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2003.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2006.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","first-page":"405","article-title":"Wildlife, environment and (re)-emerging zoonoses, with special reference to sylvatic tick-borne zoonoses in North-Western Italy","volume":"42","author":"De Meneghi D","year":"2006","unstructured":"De Meneghi D. Wildlife, environment and (re)-emerging zoonoses, with special reference to sylvatic tick-borne zoonoses in North-Western Italy. Ann Ist Super Sanita, 2006; 42:405\u2013409.","journal-title":"Ann Ist Super Sanita"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","unstructured":"Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs. 2006Zoonoses Report."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","unstructured":"Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs. 2008Zoonoses Report."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","unstructured":"European Concerted Action on Lyme Borreliosis. EUCALB. www.eucalb.com."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1939-165X.2006.tb00082.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00442-009-1430-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","first-page":"27","article-title":"A Lyme disease serosurvey of deer in Irish National Parks","volume":"96","author":"Gray JS","year":"1996","unstructured":"Gray JS, , Hayden TJ, , Casey S et al. A Lyme disease serosurvey of deer in Irish National Parks. Biology and Environment-Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, 1996; 96B:27\u201332.","journal-title":"Biology and Environment-Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","unstructured":"Health Protection Scotland. Lyme disease Annual Totals. www.hps.scot.nhs.uk. 2012."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_1","unstructured":"Hillyard P. Ticks of north-west Europe : keys and notes for identification of the species. Published for The Linnean Society of London and The Estuarine and Coastal Sciences Association by Field Studies Council Shrewsbury. 1996."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2001.218.1092"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2915.2009.00813.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2010.0079"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-072X-6-15"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0233733100"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268808000472"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-30.2.146"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_1","first-page":"19","article-title":"Geographic distribution of white-tailed deer with ticks and antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi in Connecticut","volume":"66","author":"Magnarelli LA","year":"1993","unstructured":"Magnarelli LA, , Anderson JF, , Cartter ML. 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