{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T13:00:49Z","timestamp":1789909249584,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,1]],"date-time":"2012-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1328054400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Surveillance of mule deer (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Odocoileus hemionus<\/jats:italic>\n                    , Rafinesque, 1917) populations for tick-borne diseases has helped define the distribution of these pathogens and their subsequent risk of transmission to humans and domestic animals. We surveyed three mule deer herds across the state of Nevada for infection with relapsing fever\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Borrelia<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. spirochetes. Bacterial prevalence varied by the county where deer were sampled but\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Borrelia<\/jats:italic>\n                    spirochetes were detected in 7.7% of all deer sampled. Infected deer were identified in every location from which mule deer samples were obtained. Sequencing of the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Borrelia<\/jats:italic>\n                    intergenic spacer gene (IGS) revealed that one individual was infected with\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Borrelia coriaceae<\/jats:italic>\n                    and all others were infected with\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Borrelia hermsii<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The vector of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">B. hermsii<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Ornithodoros hermsi<\/jats:italic>\n                    (Acari: Argasidae, Wheeler, Herms, and Meyer, 1935), feeds primarily on wild rodents and has not been identified infesting deer. Additionally,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Ornithodoros coriaceus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (Acari: Argasidae, Koch, 1844), which readily feeds on deer and is frequently infected with\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">B. coriaceae<\/jats:italic>\n                    , has not been shown to be a competent vector for\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">B. hermsii<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Our data represent the first sylvatic evidence of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">B. hermsii<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection in mule deer. Additionally, our data provide evidence that infection with relapsing fever spirochetes in Nevada is wide ranging in the state's deer populations.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2011.0716","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,13]],"date-time":"2011-10-13T15:51:12Z","timestamp":1318521072000},"page":"99-105","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Detection of Relapsing Fever Spirochetes (\n                    <i>Borrelia hermsii<\/i>\n                    and\n                    <i>Borrelia coriaceae<\/i>\n                    ) in Free-Ranging Mule Deer (\n                    <i>Odocoileus hemionus<\/i>\n                    ) from Nevada, United States"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Nathan C.","family":"Nieto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Nevada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mike B.","family":"Teglas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Nevada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelley M.","family":"Stewart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Nevada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tony","family":"Wasley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nevada Department of Wildlife"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peregrine L.","family":"Wolff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nevada Department of Wildlife"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2009.09-0208"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.35.6.1465-1468.1997"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.26944-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1009.040236"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.2.3.256-259.1970"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5962\/bhl.title.4511"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","first-page":"67","volume-title":"A Symposium of Relapsing Fever in the Americas","author":"Davis GE","year":"1942","unstructured":"Davis GE. Tick vectors and life cycles of ticksMoulton, F,A Symposium of Relapsing Fever in the Americas. Washington, DC: American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1942a. 67\u201376."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","first-page":"41","volume-title":"A Symposium of Relapsing Fever in the Americas","author":"Davis GE","year":"1942","unstructured":"Davis GE. Species unity or plurality of the relapsing fever spirochetesMoulton, F,A Symposium of Relapsing Fever in the Americas. Washington, DC: American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1942b. 41\u201347."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4894(56)90039-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/35.5.629"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2006.6.192"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/516273"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2002.66.753"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkh340"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1603\/0022-2585(2008)45[181:SMOHRO]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1512.090792"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.3.1123-1128.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_1","volume-title":"The Ticks of California (Acari: Ixodida)","author":"Furman DP","year":"1984","unstructured":"Furman DP, , Loomis EC. The Ticks of California (Acari: Ixodida) Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1984."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02101694"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.38.7.2678-2682.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2010.11.052"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-37-1-72"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.2.604-609.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-41.1.115"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1951.s1-31.373"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_1","volume-title":"MacClade: Analysis of Phylogeny and Character Evolution","author":"Maddison WP","year":"1992","unstructured":"Maddison WP, , Maddison D. MacClade: Analysis of Phylogeny and Character Evolution. 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