{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T01:21:17Z","timestamp":1792113677976,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,1]],"date-time":"2012-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1338508800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,6]]},"abstract":"\n Leishmaniasis is a vector-borne disease, and in the Indian subcontinent the female\n Phlebotomus argentipes<\/jats:italic>\n is the vector for\n Leishmania donovani<\/jats:italic>\n . However, data on the extent of sand fly infection rates in natural settings using molecular methods have not been extensively reported in India. In this study a PCR technique was applied targeting the 18S rRNA encoding region to determine the prevalence of\n Leishmania<\/jats:italic>\n infection in female\n P. argentipes<\/jats:italic>\n captured in the field. For this study, sand flies were collected from 897 houses selected from 50 villages endemic for visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in Muzaffarpur district, Bihar state, using CDC miniature light traps and mouth aspirators. A total of 14,585 sand flies were collected of which 449 were female\n P. argentipes<\/jats:italic>\n divided into 132 pools. Molecular detection using PCR targeting the 18S rRNA gene was carried out for the identification of\n P. argentipes<\/jats:italic>\n and\n Leishmania<\/jats:italic>\n . The overall prevalence of infection was 4.90\u201317.37% for\n L. donovani<\/jats:italic>\n in female\n P. argentipes<\/jats:italic>\n in endemic regions of Bihar state. In this study no correlation was found between the presence of infected sand flies and the occurrence of clinical VL. This study provides the first report evaluating the prevalence of\n Leishmania<\/jats:italic>\n infection in sand flies in a region endemic for VL in India.\n Sergentomyia<\/jats:italic>\n species are the most common species of sand fly. Knowledge of the infection rate in female\n P. argentipes<\/jats:italic>\n may help in predicting severity of disease and in vector elimination programs.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2011.0808","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,4]],"date-time":"2012-01-04T15:47:14Z","timestamp":1325692034000},"page":"467-472","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Prevalence of Sand Flies and\n Leishmania donovani<\/i>\n Infection in a Natural Population of Female\n Phlebotomus argentipes<\/i>\n in Bihar State, India"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Puja","family":"Tiwary","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Banaras Hindu University","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dinesh","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Banaras Hindu University","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rudra Pratap","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Banaras Hindu University","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Madhukar","family":"Rai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Banaras Hindu University","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shyam","family":"Sundar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Banaras Hindu University","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.66.5.1933-1938.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000627"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2009.03.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7705\/biomedica.v22i3.1167"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.34.7.1831-1833.1996"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2008.02154.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0738-081X(96)00057-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2006.74.779"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762009000700014"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","first-page":"121","article-title":"A taxonomic review of the genus Phlebotomus","volume":"45","author":"Lewis DJ","year":"1982","unstructured":"Lewis DJ. A taxonomic review of the genus Phlebotomus. Bull Brit Mus Nat Hist Entomol, 1982; 45:121\u2013209.","journal-title":"Bull Brit Mus Nat Hist Entomol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/16.14.7198"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2005.08.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_1","first-page":"419","article-title":"Development and application of the polymerase chain reaction for the detection and identification of Leishmania parasites in clinical material","volume":"70","author":"Meredith SE","year":"1993","unstructured":"Meredith SE, , Zijlstra EE, , Schoone GJ et al. Development and application of the polymerase chain reaction for the detection and identification of Leishmania parasites in clinical material. Arch Inst Pasteur Tunis, 1993; 70:419\u2013431.","journal-title":"Arch Inst Pasteur Tunis"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1997.57.423"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.35.10.2454-2457.1997"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-3-66"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2010.07.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1079\/BER2005368"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2008.06.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-6851(92)90208-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Control of the leishmaniases. Report of a WHO Expert Committee","volume":"949","author":"World Health Organization (WHO)","year":"2010","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO). Control of the leishmaniases. Report of a WHO Expert Committee. World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser, 2010; 949:1\u2013200.","journal-title":"World Health Organ Tech Rep Ser"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1999.60.124"}],"container-title":["Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/vbz.2011.0808","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/vbz.2011.0808","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/vbz.2011.0808","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T22:50:20Z","timestamp":1777589420000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/vbz.2011.0808"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,6]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/vbz.2011.0808"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/vbz.2011.0808","relation":{},"ISSN":["1530-3667","1557-7759"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1530-3667","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-7759","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,6]]}}}