{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T23:10:42Z","timestamp":1787008242398,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,1]],"date-time":"2012-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1341100800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Methicillin-resistant staphylococci (MRS), and methicillin-resistant\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (MRSA) in particular, have become a public and veterinary health concern. The search for MRS reservoirs outside human hospitals is needed in order to understand the reasons for their persistence and to control their spread. MRS have been isolated from rats, but little is known about their occurrence in foxes. In view of the perceived increasing proximity between people and foxes in the U.K. and the well-documented potential of foxes as hosts for zoonotic pathogens, this study examined whether foxes can be a reservoir for MRS. This study examined the carriage of staphylococci and their antimicrobial resistance patterns in 38 foxes (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Vulpes vulpes<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) from rural and semirural areas in the U.K. Staphylococci were isolated by enrichment culture from nasal, oral, axillary, and perineal swabs and speciated by standard bacteriological tests and API ID32 STAPH (bioM\u00e9rieux, Marcy l'Etoile, France). Antimicrobial resistance was investigated by disc diffusion tests and identification of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">mecA<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Thirty-seven staphylococcal isolates were identified from 35 of the 38 foxes. All isolates were coagulase-negative and most frequently included species from the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. sciuri<\/jats:italic>\n                    group (35%),\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. equorum<\/jats:italic>\n                    (27%), and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. capitis<\/jats:italic>\n                    (22%). All were phenotypically resistant to methicillin, and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">mecA<\/jats:italic>\n                    was detected in 33 (89%) of isolates, but only 10 (27%) showed broad \u03b2-lactam antibiotic resistance. Methicillin-resistant\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                    was not identified. These results indicate that foxes are a potential wildlife reservoir for\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">mecA<\/jats:italic>\n                    -positive staphylococci. Selection pressure from environmental contamination with antimicrobials should be considered.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2011.0825","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,26]],"date-time":"2012-03-26T10:32:16Z","timestamp":1332757936000},"page":"583-587","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Foxes As a Potential Wildlife Reservoir for\n                    <i>mecA<\/i>\n                    -Positive Staphylococci"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Marianne","family":"Carson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of London","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna L.","family":"Meredith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Edinburgh","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Darren J.","family":"Shaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Edinburgh","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Efstathios S.","family":"Giotis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of London","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David H.","family":"Lloyd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of London","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anette","family":"Loeffler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of London","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2006.12.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1112.050241"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511527104.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1758-2229.2009.00053.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2009.01.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.30.7.1654-1660.1992"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-2920.2006.01054.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","unstructured":"Canid Specialist Group. 2004. http:\/\/www.canids.org\/species\/Red_fox.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.10.4.781"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.1996.2.377"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1985.46.07.1522"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2007.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1135(02)00363-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2672.1985.tb01428.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(11)70126-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_1","first-page":"155","article-title":"The rise of urban fox populations in Switzerland","volume":"66","author":"Gloor S","year":"2001","unstructured":"Gloor S, , Bontadina F, , Hegglin D et al. 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