{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T07:21:11Z","timestamp":1789543271445,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,1]],"date-time":"2012-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1349049600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,1]],"date-time":"2012-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1349049600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Dermal species of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Leishmania<\/jats:italic>\n                    have a relatively broad temperature range for optimal growth\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    , with temperature differences accompanied by a form change. This suggests that when the host is living in moderate temperatures (22\u00b0C), infection may proceed at temperatures lower than those that occur in tropical regions (32\u00b0C), and a different clinical expression of the disease due to a different parasitic form may result. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of environmental temperature on the clinical expression of the disease. BALB\/C mice infected with\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Leishmania mexicana<\/jats:italic>\n                    were housed at 32\u00b0\u00b12\u00b0C or 22\u00b0\u00b11\u00b0C, and assessed for the development of inflammation and the presence of parasites in organs using PCR and immunohistology. The clinical expression of leishmaniasis at 32\u00b0C included inflammation at the site of inoculation with swelling of the nose and tail, whereas at 22\u00b0C, up to 50% of the infected mice developed dry exfoliative dermatitis with alopecia on the dorsum. In both cases, parasite colonization was confirmed in the skin, with parasites at more external locations at 22\u00b0C. Parasite visceralization was confirmed in all internal organs and glands in both cases based on PCR and immunohistology. In conclusion, the clinical expression of diffuse leishmaniasis by\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Leishmania mexicana<\/jats:italic>\n                    in laboratory mice is modified by temperature, from nodular inflammation at 32\u00b0C, to dry exfoliative dermatitis and alopecia at 22\u00b0C, with parasite visceralization in both cases.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2011.0844","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,31]],"date-time":"2012-05-31T15:32:34Z","timestamp":1338478354000},"page":"851-860","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Effect of Ambient Temperature on the Clinical Manifestations of Experimental Diffuse Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in a Rodent Model"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Laura","family":"Qui\u00f1onez-D\u00edaz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Ju\u00e1rez Aut\u00f3noma de Tabasco","place":["M\u00e9xico"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Mancilla-Ram\u00edrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Perinatolog\u00eda","place":["M\u00e9xico"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miroslava","family":"Avila-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Perinatolog\u00eda","place":["M\u00e9xico"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juana","family":"Ortiz-Avalos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Rovirosa","place":["M\u00e9xico"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ang\u00e9lica","family":"Berron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Perinatolog\u00eda","place":["M\u00e9xico"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susana","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Perinatolog\u00eda","place":["M\u00e9xico"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuriria","family":"Paredes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Perinatolog\u00eda","place":["M\u00e9xico"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norma","family":"Galindo-Sevilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Perinatolog\u00eda","place":["M\u00e9xico"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2007.76.53"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2002.66.273"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1970.19.747"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1991.44.536"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1983.32.277"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1981.30.318"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M512307200"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/104063879200400312"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkh058"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1354\/vp.42-2-166"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1354\/vp.40-6-677"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_1","first-page":"38","article-title":"Is the amastigote form of Leishmania the only form found in humans infected with cutaneous leishmaniasis?","volume":"39","author":"Daboul MW","year":"2008","unstructured":"Daboul MW. 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