{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T13:45:20Z","timestamp":1790171120315,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,1]],"date-time":"2013-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1367366400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Wild species are essential hosts for maintaining\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Ixodes<\/jats:italic>\n                    ticks and the tick-borne diseases. The aim of our study was to estimate the prevalence, the rate of co-infection with\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Babesia, Bartonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Anaplasma phagocytophilum<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and the molecular diversity of tick-borne pathogens in roe deer in Poland. Almost half of the tested samples provided evidence of infection with at least 1 species.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">A. phagocytophilum<\/jats:italic>\n                    (37.3%) was the most common and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Bartonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    (13.4%) the rarest infection. A total of 18.3% of all positive samples from roe deer were infected with at least 2 pathogens, and one-third of those were co-infected with\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">A. phagocytophilum<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Bartonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Babesia<\/jats:italic>\n                    species. On the basis of multilocus molecular studies we conclude that: (1) Two different genetic variants of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">A. phagocytophilum<\/jats:italic>\n                    , zoonotic and nonzoonotic, are widely distributed in Polish roe deer population; (2) the roe deer is the host for zoonotic\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Babesia<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Bab. venatorum<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Bab. divergens<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), closely related or identical with strains\/species found in humans; (3) our\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Bab. capreoli<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Bab. divergens<\/jats:italic>\n                    isolates differed from reported genotypes at 2 conserved base positions,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">i.e<\/jats:italic>\n                    ., positions 631 and 663; and (4) this is the first description of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Bart. schoenbuchensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    infections in roe deer in Poland. We present 1 of the first complex epidemiological studies on the prevalence of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Babesia, Bartonella<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">A. phagocytophilum<\/jats:italic>\n                    in naturally infected populations of roe deer. These game animals clearly have an important role as reservoir hosts of tick-borne pathogens, but the pathogenicity and zoonotic potential of the parasite genotypes hosted by roe deer requires further detailed investigation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2012.1136","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,8]],"date-time":"2013-03-08T10:55:17Z","timestamp":1362740117000},"page":"277-288","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Co-Infection and Genetic Diversity of Tick-Borne Pathogens in Roe Deer from Poland"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Renata","family":"Welc-Fal\u0119ciak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Warsaw","place":["Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanna","family":"Werszko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"W. Stefa\u0144ski Institute of Parasitology of the Polish Academy of Sciences","place":["Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Krystian","family":"Cydzik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Gda\u0144sk","place":["Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Bajer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Warsaw","place":["Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jerzy","family":"Michalik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Adam Mickiewicz University","place":["Poland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jerzy M.","family":"Behnke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Nottingham","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","first-page":"103","article-title":"Wild game as a reservoir of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in north-western Poland","volume":"53","author":"Adamska M","year":"2007","unstructured":"Adamska M, , Skotarczak B. 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