{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T13:00:45Z","timestamp":1789909245189,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,1]],"date-time":"2013-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1370044800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Tick-borne relapsing fever (TBRF) is endemic in mountainous regions of the western United States. In California, the principal agent is the spirochete\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Borrelia hermsii<\/jats:italic>\n                    , which is transmitted by the argasid tick\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Ornithodoros hermsi<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Humans are at risk of TBRF when infected ticks leave an abandoned rodent nest in quest of a blood meal. Rodents are the primary vertebrate hosts for\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">B. hermsii<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Sciurid rodents were collected from 23 sites in California between August, 2006, and September, 2008, and tested for serum antibodies to\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">B. hermsii<\/jats:italic>\n                    by immunoblot using a whole-cell sonicate and a specific antigen, glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase (GlpQ). Antibodies were detected in 20% of rodents; seroprevalence was highest (36%) in chipmunks (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Tamias<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp). Seroprevalence in chipmunks was highest in the Sierra Nevada (41%) and Mono (43%) ecoregions and between 1900 and 2300 meters elevation (43%). The serological studies described here are effective in implicating the primary vertebrate hosts involved in the maintenance of the ticks and spirochetes in regions endemic for TBRF.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2012.1137","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,14]],"date-time":"2013-03-14T09:26:14Z","timestamp":1363253174000},"page":"376-381","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Serologic Evidence for\n                    <i>Borrelia hermsii<\/i>\n                    Infection in Rodents on Federally Owned Recreational Areas in California"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Curtis L.","family":"Fritz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"California Department of Public Health"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica R.","family":"Payne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"California Department of Public Health"},{"name":"California Department of Public Health"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tom G.","family":"Schwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institutes of Health"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a112406"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.2.3.256-259.1970"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","unstructured":"California Department of Fish and Game. 2008. Complete list of amphibian reptile bird and mammal species in California. 25. www.dfg.ca.gov\/biogeodata\/cwhr\/pdfs\/species_list.pdf\/. 2012 November 22."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","first-page":"579","article-title":"Common source oubreak of relapsing fever \u2014California","volume":"39","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"1990","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Common source oubreak of relapsing fever \u2014California. MMWR, 1990; 39:579\u2013586.","journal-title":"MMWR"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","first-page":"809","article-title":"Tickborne relapsing fever outbreak after a family gathering\u2014New Mexico, August 2002","volume":"52","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2003","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Tickborne relapsing fever outbreak after a family gathering\u2014New Mexico, August 2002. 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