{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T10:29:46Z","timestamp":1789986586829,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,1]],"date-time":"2014-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1391212800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a zoonotic disease, transmitted mainly by the bite of ticks. The TBE virus (TBEV) belongs to the family Flaviviridae, genus\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Flavivirus<\/jats:italic>\n                    and is able to cause meningoencephalitis. For serological TBEV detection, the neutralization test (NT) is the most specific assay available. Different NT protocols are used in the laboratories, and until now the performance of these NTs has never been tested in an external quality assessment (EQA). In this EQA, we compared the results of eight European laboratories in detecting 17 samples (11 TBEV positive, five flavivirus cross reactive, and one negative sample) by NT. Furthermore, 14 of these EQA samples and 15 additional samples were tested in different commercial assays: 15 immunoglobulin G (IgG) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) and an immunofluorescence assay (IFA). Four laboratories showed a good NT EQA performance, whereas four laboratories had some sensitivity problems. Additionally, two of these laboratories showed a lack in specificity, misidentifying a dengue-positive sample as TBEV positive. The comparison of the commercial ELISAs revealed a high sensitivity in all assays, but as expected for IgG, the ELISAs showed a high degree of flavivirus cross reactivity. The assessment of Vienna Units in some of the ELISAs revealed deviations in the standards used by the different companies. Therefore, these standards should be revised. Generally, in this EQA, we found that reliable NT protocols are used in most of the laboratories, and the evaluation of the IgG ELISAs and the IFA showed a good agreement.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2012.1287","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,20]],"date-time":"2013-12-20T09:34:48Z","timestamp":1387532088000},"page":"149-159","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Evaluation of Different Serological Diagnostic Methods for Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus: Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent, Immunofluorescence, and Neutralization Assay"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Nadine","family":"Litzba","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens 1","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hana","family":"Zelen\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Public Health","place":["Czech Republic"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas R.","family":"Kreil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Baxter BioScience","place":["Austria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Niklasson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Uppsala University","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilona","family":"K\u00fchlmann-Rabens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Virion\\Serion GmbH","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Elena","family":"Remoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthias","family":"Niedrig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens 1","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","first-page":"1376","article-title":"Defibrination of blood plasma for use in serological tests for syphilis","volume":"9","author":"Castro AR","year":"2002","unstructured":"Castro AR, , Kikkert SE, , Fears MB, , Pope V. Defibrination of blood plasma for use in serological tests for syphilis. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol, 2002; 9:1376\u20131378.","journal-title":"Clin Diagn Lab Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-80-1-179"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.12.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.77.1.25-36.2003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","first-page":"448","article-title":"ELISA for IgM and IgG antibodies against tick-borne encephalitis virus: Quantification and standardization of results","volume":"255","author":"Hofmann H","year":"1983","unstructured":"Hofmann H, , Heinz FX, , Dippe H. ELISA for IgM and IgG antibodies against tick-borne encephalitis virus: Quantification and standardization of results. Zentralbl Bakteriol Mikrobiol Hyg A, 1983; 255:448\u2013455.","journal-title":"Zentralbl Bakteriol Mikrobiol Hyg A"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","first-page":"21","article-title":"Fr\u00fchsommer-Meningoenzephalitis (FSME) Was muss der Hausarzt wissen?","volume":"3","author":"Hofmann H","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hofmann H. Fr\u00fchsommer-Meningoenzephalitis (FSME) Was muss der Hausarzt wissen?. Hausarzt, 2005; 3:21\u201327.","journal-title":"Hausarzt"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9071(199601)48:1<102::AID-JMV16>3.0.CO;2-I"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(02)00819-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/122.11.2067"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10354-012-0105-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","first-page":"877","article-title":"Problems of cut-off level determination in enzyme immunoassays: The case of TBE-ELISA","volume":"39","author":"Kiessig ST","year":"1993","unstructured":"Kiessig ST, , Abel U, , Risse P, , Friedrich J, et al. Problems of cut-off level determination in enzyme immunoassays: The case of TBE-ELISA. Klin Lab, 1993; 39:877\u2013886.","journal-title":"Klin Lab"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_1","unstructured":"Kollaritsch H Krasilnikov V Holzmann H Karganova G et al. Background Document on Vaccines and Vaccination against Tick-borne Encephalitis (TBE). Geneva: WHO; 2011. Available at www.who.int\/immunization\/sage\/6_TBE_backgr_18_Mar_net_apr_2011.pdf Last accessed October13 2013."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(02)00813-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.64.2.520"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2009.08.019"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2006.05.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vim.2008.0007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2009.08-0625"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.07.024"}],"container-title":["Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/vbz.2012.1287","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/vbz.2012.1287","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/vbz.2012.1287","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T22:51:58Z","timestamp":1777589518000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/vbz.2012.1287"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/vbz.2012.1287"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/vbz.2012.1287","relation":{},"ISSN":["1530-3667","1557-7759"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1530-3667","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-7759","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]}}}