{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T06:51:04Z","timestamp":1777877464045,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,1]],"date-time":"2014-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1396310400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Tularemia, a highly infectious zoonotic disease caused by\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Francisella tularensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    , occurs sporadically in Japan. However, little is known about the prevalence of the disease in wild animals. A total of 632 samples obtained from 150 Japanese black bears, 142 Japanese hares, 120 small rodents, 97 rats, 53 raptors, 26 Japanese monkeys, 21 Japanese raccoon dogs, 20 masked palm civets, and three Japanese red foxes between 2002 and 2010 were investigated for the presence of antibodies to\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">F. tularensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    by competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) and the commonly used microagglutination (MA) test. Seropositive cELISA and MA results were obtained in 23 and 18 Japanese black bears, three and two Japanese raccoon dogs, and two and one small rodents, respectively. All MA-positive samples (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    =21) were also positive by cELISA. Six of seven samples that were only positive by cELISA were confirmed to be antibody-positive by western blot analysis. These findings suggest that cELISA is a highly sensitive and useful test for serosurveillance of tularemia among various species of wild animals. Because this is the first study to detect\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">F. tularensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2013seropositive Japanese raccoon dogs, these could join Japanese black bears as sentinel animals for tularemia in the wild in Japan. Further continuous serosurveillance for\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">F. tularensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    in various species of wild animals using appropriate methods such as cELISA is important to assess the risks of human exposure and to improve our understanding of the ecology of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">F. tularensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    in the wild.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2013.1349","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,1]],"date-time":"2014-04-01T15:35:53Z","timestamp":1396366553000},"page":"234-239","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Serosurveillance for\n                    <i>Francisella tularensis<\/i>\n                    Among Wild Animals in Japan Using a Newly Developed Competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Neekun","family":"Sharma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Infectious Diseases","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Gifu University","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akitoyo","family":"Hotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Infectious Diseases","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoshie","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Infectious Diseases","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akihiko","family":"Uda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Infectious Diseases","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Osamu","family":"Fujita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Infectious Diseases","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Toshio","family":"Mizoguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fukushima Wildlife Rehabilitation Center","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junji","family":"Shindo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kitasato University","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chun-Ho","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kitasato University","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Noboru","family":"Kudo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kitasato University","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hitoshi","family":"Hatai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kitasato University","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Toshifumi","family":"Oyamada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kitasato University","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akio","family":"Yamada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Infectious Diseases","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Gifu University","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shigeru","family":"Morikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Infectious Diseases","place":["Japan"]},{"name":"Gifu University","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kiyoshi","family":"Tanabayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Infectious Diseases","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0450.2005.00898.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.16.4.756-757.1982"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1206.05879"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.26.3.433-437.1988"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-16.3.423"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20506\/rst.17.3.1134"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.285.21.2763"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.15.4.631-646.2002"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-33.1.47"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CDLI.7.1.86-90.2000"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2010.0091"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_1","first-page":"25","article-title":"The ecology of tularemia","volume":"18","author":"Hopla CE","year":"1974","unstructured":"Hopla CE. The ecology of tularemia. Adv Vet Sci Comp Med, 1974; 18:25\u201353.","journal-title":"Adv Vet Sci Comp Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1863-2378.2011.01422.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2009.0186"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Tularaemia seroprevalence of captured and wild animals in Germany: The fox (Vulpes vulpes) as a biological indicator","volume":"1","author":"Kuehn A","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kuehn A, , Schulze C, , Kutzer P, , Probst C, et al. Tularaemia seroprevalence of captured and wild animals in Germany: The fox (Vulpes vulpes) as a biological indicator. Epidemiol Infect, 2013; 1:1\u20138.","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_1","first-page":"303","volume-title":"Tularemia","author":"M\u00f6rner T","year":"2001","unstructured":"M\u00f6rner T, , Addison E. Tularemia. Ames, IA: Iowa State University Press, 2001:303\u2013312."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_1","first-page":"82","article-title":"A serological survey of antibodies against Francisella tularensis in some Swedish mammals","volume":"35","author":"Morner T","year":"1983","unstructured":"Morner T, , Sandstedt K. A serological survey of antibodies against Francisella tularensis in some Swedish mammals. Nord Vet Med, 1983; 35:82\u201385.","journal-title":"Nord Vet Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01643750"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-695X.1996.tb00234.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-13.4.393"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268809990513"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00516-12"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-33.4.733"}],"container-title":["Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/vbz.2013.1349","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/vbz.2013.1349","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/vbz.2013.1349","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T22:52:09Z","timestamp":1777589529000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/vbz.2013.1349"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/vbz.2013.1349"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/vbz.2013.1349","relation":{},"ISSN":["1530-3667","1557-7759"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1530-3667","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-7759","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]}}}