{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T06:51:31Z","timestamp":1777877491947,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,1]],"date-time":"2014-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1406851200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Tick infestations and infection with tick-borne agents are commonly recognized in horses in North America, but equine infection with true\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Ehrlichia<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. has not been described. To determine the degree to which horses in the south-central United States are naturally exposed to and infected with tick-borne disease agents, serum samples were collected at random (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    =240) or from horses with active tick infestations (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    =73) and tested by immunofluorescence antibody assay (IFA) and\/or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for evidence of antibodies reactive to\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Ehrlichia<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp.,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Anaplasma<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp., and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Borrelia burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Positive samples were further evaluated by species-specific serology for antibodies reactive to\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. canis<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. chaffeensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and whole blood samples were tested by PCR for evidence of infection with\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. canis<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. chaffeensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. ewingii<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and an\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">E. ruminantium<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2013like organism referred to as the Panola Mountain\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Ehrlichia<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Antibodies reactive to\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Ehrlichia<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. were identified in 8.75% (21\/240) of the randomly acquired samples and 24.7% (18\/73) of the serum samples from tick-infested horses, but species-specific ELISA and PCR failed to confirm exposure to or infection with any known\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Ehrlichia<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. Antibodies to\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Anaplasma<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. (5\/313; 1.6%) and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">B. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n                    (3\/313; 1.0%) were uncommon. These data suggest that horses in the south-central United States are likely exposed to a novel\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Ehrlichia<\/jats:italic>\n                    sp. Further research is needed to identify the etiologic agent responsible for the serologic activity seen and to determine the clinical significance, if any, of this finding.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2013.1570","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,29]],"date-time":"2014-07-29T16:36:33Z","timestamp":1406651793000},"page":"552-556","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Antibodies Reactive to\n                    <i>Ehrlichia<\/i>\n                    spp. Are Common in Oklahoma Horses"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Robert C.","family":"Carmichael","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Oklahoma State University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jason R.","family":"Duell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oklahoma State University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Todd C.","family":"Holbrook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oklahoma State University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brian H.","family":"Herrin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oklahoma State University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian M.","family":"Leutenegger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IDEXX Laboratories, Inc."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas P.","family":"O'Connor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IDEXX Laboratories, Inc."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susan E.","family":"Little","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oklahoma State University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vcp.12040"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00207713-42-2-299"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.30.4.775-780.1992"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1990.51.06.929"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-5-29"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3273061"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2008.10.093"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199907153410303"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/01652176.2002.9695196"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","volume-title":"Biostatistics: A Foundation for Analysis in the Health Sciences","author":"Cross CL","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cross CL, , Daniel WW: Biostatistics: A Foundation for Analysis in the Health Sciences, 10 th ed. 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