{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T22:38:22Z","timestamp":1784932702481,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]],"date-time":"2015-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420070400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]],"date-time":"2015-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420070400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Leptospirosis is a zoonosis known to be endemic in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam, even though clinical reports are uncommon. We investigated leptospira infection in rats purchased in food markets during the rainy season (October) (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    =150), as well as those trapped during the dry season (February\u2013March) (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    =125) in the region using RT-PCR for the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">lipL32<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene, confirmed by 16S rRNA, as well as by the microscopic agglutination test (MAT). Results were compared with the serovar distribution of human cases referred from Ho Chi Minh City hospitals (2004\u20132012) confirmed by MAT (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    =45). The MAT seroprevalence among rats was 18.3%. The highest MAT seroprevalence corresponded, in decreasing order, to:\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Rattus norvegicus<\/jats:italic>\n                    (33.0%),\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Bandicota indica<\/jats:italic>\n                    (26.5%),\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Rattus tanezumi<\/jats:italic>\n                    (24.6%),\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Rattus exulans<\/jats:italic>\n                    (14.3%), and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Rattus argentiventer<\/jats:italic>\n                    (7.1%). The most prevalent serovars were, in descending order: Javanica (4.6% rats), Louisiana (4.2%), Copenageni (4.2%), Cynopterie (3.7%), Pomona (2.9%), and Icterohaemorrhagiae (2.5%). A total of 16 rats (5.8%) tested positive by RT-PCR. Overall, larger rats tended to have a higher prevalence of detection. There was considerable agreement between MAT and PCR (kappa=0.28 [0.07\u20130.49]), although significantly more rats were positive by MAT (McNemar 29.9 (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    &lt;0.001). MAT prevalence was higher among rats during the rainy season compared with rats in the dry season. There are no current available data on leptospira serovars in humans in the Mekong Delta, although existing studies suggest limited overlapping between human and rat serovars. Further studies should take into account a wider range of potential reservoirs (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">i.e<\/jats:italic>\n                    ., dogs, pigs) as well as perform geographically linked co-sampling of humans and animals to establish the main sources of leptospirosis in the region.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2014.1613","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,28]],"date-time":"2015-01-28T08:58:16Z","timestamp":1422435496000},"page":"56-64","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["How Important Are Rats As Vectors of Leptospirosis in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam?"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Hoang Kim","family":"Loan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute Pasteur","place":["Vietnam"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nguyen","family":"Van Cuong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxford University Clinical Research Unit","place":["Vietnam"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ratree","family":"Takhampunya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxford University","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bach Tuan","family":"Kiet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sub-Department of Animal Health","place":["Vietnam"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Campbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxford University Clinical Research Unit","place":["Vietnam"]},{"name":"Oxford University","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lac Ngoc","family":"Them","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute Pasteur","place":["Vietnam"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juliet E.","family":"Bryant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxford University Clinical Research Unit","place":["Vietnam"]},{"name":"Oxford University","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bousaraporn","family":"Tippayachai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences","place":["Thailand"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nguyen","family":"Van Hoang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sub-Department of Animal Health","place":["Vietnam"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Serge","family":"Morand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 Montpellier 2","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vo Be","family":"Hien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sub-Department of Animal Health","place":["Vietnam"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan J.","family":"Carrique-Mas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxford University Clinical Research Unit","place":["Vietnam"]},{"name":"Oxford University","place":["United Kingdom"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2009.03.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","unstructured":"Anonymous. AVMA Guidelines for the Euthanasia of Animals: 2013. American Veterinary Medical Association. Schaumburg. 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