{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T15:58:13Z","timestamp":1779206293992,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,1]],"date-time":"2015-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1448928000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The West Nile virus (WNV) transmission cycle includes a wide range of migratory wetland birds as reservoirs, mosquitoes as biological vectors, and equines and humans as dead-end hosts. Despite the presence of potential vector species, there is no information about the existence of WNV in mosquito vectors in Iran. The Iranian West Azerbaijan Province is located in the northwestern part of Iran and has borders with Turkey, Iraq, Armenia, and the Republic of Azerbaijan. The current study was conducted to identify the wetland mosquitoes of the West Azerbaijan Province and their infection with WNV. In this study, 2143 specimens were collected, comprising 1541 adults and 602 larvae. Six species belonging to four genera were collected and identified:\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Anopheles maculipennis<\/jats:italic>\n                    sensu lato (s.l.),\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Culex (Cx.) hortensis<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Cx. pipiens<\/jats:italic>\n                    s.l.,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Cx. theileri<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Culiseta longiareolata<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Aedes (Ae.) (Ochlerotatus) caspius<\/jats:italic>\n                    . In total, 45 pools of mosquitoes were examined. Two of the adult pools collected from the same location showed the presence of WNV in\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Ae. (Och.) caspius<\/jats:italic>\n                    , from Sangar, Makoo County, as confirmed by PCR and sequencing. Due to the discovery of WNV in the mosquito population of the region, and the presence of wetlands and significant populations of migratory birds, the health sector should carefully monitor the factors involved in the cycle of this disease.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2015.1778","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,13]],"date-time":"2015-11-13T10:52:30Z","timestamp":1447411950000},"page":"750-754","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["West Nile Virus in Mosquitoes of Iranian Wetlands"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Masoomeh","family":"Bagheri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Urmia University of Medical Sciences","place":["Iran"]},{"name":"Urmia University of Medical Sciences","place":["Iran"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olle","family":"Terenius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU)","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Ali","family":"Oshaghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tehran University of Medical Sciences","place":["Iran"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Morteza","family":"Motazakker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Urmia University of Medical Sciences","place":["Iran"]},{"name":"Urmia University of Medical Sciences","place":["Iran"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sassan","family":"Asgari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Queensland","place":["Australia"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Farrokh","family":"Dabiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Urmia University of Medical Sciences","place":["Iran"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hassan","family":"Vatandoost","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Tehran University of Medical Sciences","place":["Iran"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mulood","family":"Mohammadi Bavani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Urmia University of Medical Sciences","place":["Iran"]},{"name":"Tehran University of Medical Sciences","place":["Iran"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ali Reza","family":"Chavshin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Urmia University of Medical Sciences","place":["Iran"]},{"name":"Urmia University of Medical Sciences","place":["Iran"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268811000173"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2008.0073"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0812.020234"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11646\/zootaxa.2078.1.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2915.2009.00802.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2007.0266"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0704.017415"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268811002056"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003028"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2010.0244"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0269-283X.2004.00482.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1108.050289a"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0505.990505"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_1","first-page":"119","article-title":"First isolation of mosquito-borne West Nile virus in the Czech Republic","volume":"42","author":"Hubalek Z","year":"1998","unstructured":"Hubalek Z, , Halouzka J, , Juricova Z, , Sebesta O. 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