{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T19:36:11Z","timestamp":1790019371489,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,1]],"date-time":"2015-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1446336000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Concerns about the interface between wildlife, domestic animals, and humans in the transmission of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) have been growing due to natural or anthropogenic environmental changes. In this context, investigations of the infection in wild mammals are important to assess their exposure to the vector and the parasite. A study of anti\u2013\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum<\/jats:italic>\n                    antibodies was carried out using the direct agglutination test (DAT) on 528 free-ranging wild mammals of 38 species from the region of Botucatu, state of S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil, a municipality that has no records of the vector or of human or canine autochthony. Antibodies were detected, with a cutoff of 1:320, in 9\/528 (1.7%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.6\u20132.8%) mammals of the species\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Callithrix jacchus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Lepus europaeus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Sphiggurus villosus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Nasua nasua<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Eira barbara<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Galictis cuja<\/jats:italic>\n                    , with high titers (\u22651280) for the last three. These three are little-studied species, and previous records of the detection of anti\u2013\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Leishmania<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. antibodies in Brazil exist only for coatis (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">N. nasua<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), whereas worldwide, infection by\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">L. (L.) infantum<\/jats:italic>\n                    has been confirmed only in hares (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Le. europaeus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ). On the other hand, opossums and canids, the species most commonly reported to be naturally infected by\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">L. (L.) infantum<\/jats:italic>\n                    , were not seropositive. Fifty-eight (58\/528; 10.9%) mammals were found to have antibody titers ranging from 20 to 160 and were not included among the seropositive animals due to the adopted cutoff. However, the possibility of infection in these animals should not be discarded, because there is no standard cutoff point for the different wild species. Our findings indicate the need for investigations into the exact role of the seropositive species in the epidemiology of VL and for effective epidemiological surveillance to prevent its expansion, because even in regions where there are no records of canine or human autochthonous cases, there may be parasite circulation among wild mammals.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2015.1806","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,29]],"date-time":"2015-09-29T14:49:25Z","timestamp":1443538165000},"page":"667-673","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Serological Evidence of Infection by\n                    <i>Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum<\/i>\n                    (Synonym:\n                    <i>Leishmania (Leishmania) chagasi<\/i>\n                    ) in Free-Ranging Wild Mammals in a Nonendemic Region of the State of S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"La\u00eds Moraes","family":"Paiz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"S\u00e3o Paulo State University\u2013UNESP","place":["Brazil"]},{"name":"State University of Campinas\u2013UNICAMP","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felipe","family":"Fornazari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"S\u00e3o Paulo State University\u2013UNESP","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benedito Donizete","family":"Menozzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"S\u00e3o Paulo State University\u2013UNESP","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriela Capriogli","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"S\u00e3o Paulo State University\u2013UNESP","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carla Janeiro","family":"Coiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"S\u00e3o Paulo State University\u2013UNESP","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos Roberto","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"S\u00e3o Paulo State University\u2013UNESP","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valdinei Moraes Campanucci","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Botucatu Municipal Secretariat of Health","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Rita","family":"Donalisio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State University of Campinas\u2013UNICAMP","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helio","family":"Langoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"S\u00e3o Paulo State University\u2013UNESP","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182012001886"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","first-page":"1361","article-title":"Leishmania major-like antigen for specific and sensitive serodiagnosis of human and canine visceral leishmaniasis","volume":"9","author":"Barbosa-de-Deus R","year":"2002","unstructured":"Barbosa-de-Deus R, , Mares-Guia ML dos, , Nunes AZ, , Costa KM, et al. Leishmania major-like antigen for specific and sensitive serodiagnosis of human and canine visceral leishmaniasis. Clin Diagn Lab Immun, 2002; 9:1361\u20131366.","journal-title":"Clin Diagn Lab Immun"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","first-page":"121","volume-title":"Manual de vigil\u00e2ncia e controle da leishmaniose visceral","author":"BRASIL. Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade. Secretaria de Vigil\u00e2ncia em Sa\u00fade. Departamento de Vigil\u00e2ncia Epidemiol\u00f3gica","year":"2006","unstructured":"BRASIL. Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade. Secretaria de Vigil\u00e2ncia em Sa\u00fade. Departamento de Vigil\u00e2ncia Epidemiol\u00f3gica. Manual de vigil\u00e2ncia e controle da leishmaniose visceral. Bras\u00edlia: Editora do Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade; 2006:121\u2009pp."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0036-46652012000200007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"New species of protozoa of the genus Leishmania pathogenic to man Leishmania chagasi n. sp previous note","volume":"11","author":"Cunha AM","year":"1937","unstructured":"Cunha AM, , Chagas E. New species of protozoa of the genus Leishmania pathogenic to man Leishmania chagasi n. sp previous note. Hospital (Rio de Janeiro), 1937; 11:3\u20139.","journal-title":"Hospital (Rio de Janeiro)"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762006000100019"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1678-9199-19-15"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00931059"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0102-311X2003000500015"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0037-86821985000100008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","first-page":"10pp","article-title":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Nacional de Sa\u00fade. Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade","author":"FUNASA","year":"2002","unstructured":"FUNASA. Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Nacional de Sa\u00fade. Minist\u00e9rio da Sa\u00fade. Boletim eletr\u00f4nico epidemiol\u00f3gico. Ano 02, n. 06. 2002:10pp.","journal-title":"Boletim eletr\u00f4nico epidemiol\u00f3gico"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-706X(97)00078-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(86)90149-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3277928"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2015.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_1","first-page":"e1155","article-title":"Comparative microsatellite typing of New World Leishmania infantum reveals low heterogeneity among populations and its recent Old World origin","volume":"5","author":"Kuhls K","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kuhls K, , Alam MZ, , Cupolillo E, , Ferreira GEM, et al. Comparative microsatellite typing of New World Leishmania infantum reveals low heterogeneity among populations and its recent Old World origin. Plos One, 2011; 5:e1155.","journal-title":"Plos One"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(79)90225-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(81)90192-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/trstmh\/trt062"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02761912000100006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Epidemiological aspects of visceral leishmaniasis in Baft District, Kerman Province, southeast of Iran","volume":"6","author":"Mahmoudvand H","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mahmoudvand H, , Mohebali M, , Sharifi I, , Keshavarz H, et al. Epidemiological aspects of visceral leishmaniasis in Baft District, Kerman Province, southeast of Iran. Iran J Parasitol, 2011; 6:1\u201311.","journal-title":"Iran J Parasitol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(81)90347-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.33.7.1742-1745.1995"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-014-3929-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2005.01.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_1","first-page":"75","article-title":"Canine visceral leishmaniasis in Boyer Ahmad District, Kohgiluyeh & Boyer Ahmad Province, Southwest of Iran","volume":"7","author":"Moshfe A","year":"2012","unstructured":"Moshfe A, , Mohebali M, , Afshoun E, , Mousavizadeh A, et al. Canine visceral leishmaniasis in Boyer Ahmad District, Kohgiluyeh & Boyer Ahmad Province, Southwest of Iran. Iran J Parasitol, 2012; 7:75\u201381.","journal-title":"Iran J Parasitol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-015-4434-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-706X(99)00047-9"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2008.78.616"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_1","first-page":"35","article-title":"Fauna Mammalia asociada a los focos de leishmaniasis neotropical. Situaci\u00f3n em Venezuela","volume":"49","author":"Reyes A","year":"2009","unstructured":"Reyes A, , Arrivillaga J. Fauna Mammalia asociada a los focos de leishmaniasis neotropical. Situaci\u00f3n em Venezuela. Bol Mal Salud Amb, 2009; 49:35\u201352.","journal-title":"Bol Mal Salud Amb"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2006.74.76"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000589"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_1","unstructured":"Roskov Y Kunze T Paglinawan L Abucay L et al. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life 2013. Species 2000: Reading UK. 2013. Available at www.catalogueoflife.org\/col\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES2013.18.30.20541"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2006.0651"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00937115"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02761996000600018"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_39_1","first-page":"60","article-title":"Neospora caninum and Leishmania infantum co-infection in domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) in Meshkin-Shahr District, Northwestern Iran","volume":"1","author":"Sharifdini M","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sharifdini M, , Mohebali M, , Keshavarz H, , Hosseininejad M, et al. Neospora caninum and Leishmania infantum co-infection in domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) in Meshkin-Shahr District, Northwestern Iran. Iran J Arthropod Borne Dis, 2011; 1:60\u201368.","journal-title":"Iran J Arthropod Borne Dis"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0102-311X2005000100036"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1984-29612013005000014"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2011.06.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2007.12.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2005.08.018"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_45_1","first-page":"85","article-title":"Occurrence of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Myocastor coypus Mollina","volume":"5","author":"Uralov A","year":"1980","unstructured":"Uralov A. Occurrence of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Myocastor coypus Mollina. Med Parazitol (Mosk), 1980; 5:85\u201386.","journal-title":"Med Parazitol (Mosk)"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.2003.00996.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S1678-91992009000400011"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_48_1","first-page":"187pp","volume-title":"Control of the Leishmaniasis: Report of a Meeting of the WHO Expert Committee on the Control of Leishmaniasis","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2010","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Control of the Leishmaniasis: Report of a Meeting of the WHO Expert Committee on the Control of Leishmaniasis. Geneva, technical report series, no. 949. 2010:187pp."}],"container-title":["Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/vbz.2015.1806","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/vbz.2015.1806","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/vbz.2015.1806","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T22:54:02Z","timestamp":1777589642000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/vbz.2015.1806"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,11]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/vbz.2015.1806"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/vbz.2015.1806","relation":{},"ISSN":["1530-3667","1557-7759"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1530-3667","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-7759","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,11]]}}}