{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T06:52:16Z","timestamp":1777877536232,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,1]],"date-time":"2015-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1448928000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    A cross-sectional investigation was done on the seroprevalence of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Leishmania infantum<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection among apparently healthy horses in Israel. This survey included 383 horses distributed in 22 farms throughout Israel during the years 2011\u20132013. Serum samples were tested for the presence of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies using the direct agglutination test (DAT) specific to\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Leishmania<\/jats:italic>\n                    and by the modified agglutination test (MAT) for the presence of IgG antibodies to\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">T. gondii.<\/jats:italic>\n                    Low seroprevalences were detected for both\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">L. infantum<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    in the horse population in Israel; of the 338 horses tested, 6 (1.4%) were found to be seropositive for\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">L. infantum<\/jats:italic>\n                    and 11 (2.5%) for\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">T. gondii,<\/jats:italic>\n                    with no significant association between seroprevalence and demographic\/environmental factors. An ongoing geographical expansion of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">L. infantum,<\/jats:italic>\n                    previously reported in humans and dogs in Israel, was also supported by our results in horses. Here we present evidence of exposure of horses to\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">L. infantum<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    in Israel. Continuous seroprevalence surveillance in horses, such as the one performed in this study, might further elucidate the eco-epidemiology of these two important zoonotic parasites in this country.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2015.1826","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,18]],"date-time":"2015-11-18T12:20:25Z","timestamp":1447849225000},"page":"726-731","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Low Seroprevalence of\n                    <i>Leishmania infantum<\/i>\n                    and\n                    <i>Toxoplasma gondii<\/i>\n                    in the Horse Population in Israel"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Karin","family":"Aharonson-Raz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Hebrew University","place":["Israel"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gad","family":"Baneth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Hebrew University","place":["Israel"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana Patr\u00edcia","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD)","place":["Portugal"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hugo","family":"Brancal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Clinic of Covilh\u00e3","place":["Portugal"]},{"name":"University of Beira Interior","place":["Portugal"]},{"name":"Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco","place":["Portugal"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henk","family":"Schallig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Koninklijk Instituut voor de Tropen (KIT)\/Royal Tropical Institute","place":["Netherlands"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD)","place":["Portugal"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amir","family":"Steinman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Hebrew University","place":["Israel"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_1","first-page":"31","article-title":"The prevalence of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii in dogs in Israel","volume":"51","author":"Baneth G","year":"1996","unstructured":"Baneth G, , Shkap V, , Savitsky I, , Pipano E. 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