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In Brazil, the urbanization process and canine cases of VL are indicators for local health authorities. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of the canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) in Maranh\u00e3o State, Brazil. Blood samples collected from 960 dogs from six municipalities and six different ecosystems (Baixada Maranhense, Mangue, Mata dos Cocais, Amaz\u00f4nia, Cerrado, and Restinga) to serological tests (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA], indirect fluorescence antibody test [IFAT], and chromatographic immunoassay methods [Dual Path Platform technology, DPP\n                    <jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n                    ]) and parasitological diagnosis. From serological tests, 11.14% (107) of the dogs were positive for CVL, with 59.16% (568), 14.5% (148), and 131% (126) positives to ELISA, DPP, and IFAT tests, respectively. Only seven animals (0.73%) were positive in a parasitological test. We also performed parasite isolation and phylogenetic characterization. All isolates of dogs obtained from Maranh\u00e3o were grouped in a single branch with\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Leishmania infantum chagasi<\/jats:italic>\n                    from Brazil. The ecosystem Amazonia presented the highest positivity rates to CVL in serological and parasitological tests. Brazilian biomes\/ecosystems suffer large degradation and may favor, depending on climatic conditions, the installation of new diseases. In the case of VL, dogs are reservoirs of parasites and sentinels for human infection.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2015.1866","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,18]],"date-time":"2015-12-18T14:37:44Z","timestamp":1450449464000},"page":"765-774","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Environmental Factors and Ecosystems Associated with Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis in Northeastern Brazil"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Andr\u00e9a Pereira","family":"da Costa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo","place":["Brasil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco Borges","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo","place":["Brasil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Herbert Sousa","family":"Soares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo","place":["Brasil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diego Garcia","family":"Ramirez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo","place":["Brasil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreina","family":"de Carvalho Ara\u00fajo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Vale do S\u00e3o Francisco","place":["Brasil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juliana Isabel Giuli","family":"da Silva Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo","place":["Brasil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renata","family":"Tonhosolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do ABC","place":["Brasil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricardo Augusto","family":"Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo","place":["Brasil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Solange Maria","family":"Gennari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo","place":["Brasil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arlei","family":"Marcili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo","place":["Brasil"]},{"name":"Universidade Federal do ABC","place":["Brasil"]},{"name":"Universidade de Santo Amaro","place":["Brasil"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0103-84782010005000102"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","unstructured":"Alves AK Rosa R. 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