{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T06:53:13Z","timestamp":1777877593015,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,1]],"date-time":"2017-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1498867200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    is a protozoan parasite with a broad ecological valence, which has been detected in a wide range of hosts and landscapes. Although the genus is considered monospecific, in recent years it has been demonstrated to exhibit more genetic variability than previously known. In Mexico, there are few genotyping studies, which suggest that classical, autochthonous, and atypical strains are circulating. The goal of this study was to describe\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    genetic diversity in naturally infected sheep from Colima, Mexico. This is a good site to study ecological aspects of this parasite since it is located between the Nearctic and Neotropical ecozones and it includes domestic and wild risks for transmission. We analyzed 305 tissue samples of semicaptive sheep from six coastal and central zones of Colima and border zones of Michoac\u00e1n. We used an 803\u2009bp amplicon of the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">B1<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene to genotype\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    and seroprevalence was determined by ELISA. Indexes for genetic diversity and genetic differentiation were calculated and compared with reference strains from North America (NA) and South America (SA). Twenty-three tissue samples were positive for the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">B1<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene by PCR, which were sequenced. Crude prevalence was 24.4%. The genetic analysis showed 16 variable sites along the 803\u2009bp region that grouped all sequences into 13 haplotypes in the phylogenetic tree. Bayesian and haplotype network analysis showed nine new\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">B1<\/jats:italic>\n                    -types, of which three were frequent and six had unique alleles. Comparisons among sequence sets revealed that the Mexican population had lower differentiation than SA and an intermediate genetic variability between South America and North America. The\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">B1<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene analysis showed new\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    haplotypes in naturally infected sheep; therefore, this marker could be initially used in molecular screening studies to identify potentially virulent genotypes of this parasite using natural host samples directly.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2016.2085","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,22]],"date-time":"2017-05-22T10:52:33Z","timestamp":1495450353000},"page":"495-502","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Genotyping\n                    <i>Toxoplasma gondii<\/i>\n                    with the\n                    <i>B1<\/i>\n                    Gene in Naturally Infected Sheep from an Endemic Region in the Pacific Coast of Mexico"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Williams Arony","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Flores","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital General \u201cDr. Manuel Gea Gonz\u00e1lez,\u201d"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Manuel","family":"Palma-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad de Colima"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heriberto","family":"Caballero-Ortega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Pediatr\u00eda"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alejandra","family":"Del Viento-Camacho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad de Colima"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eduardo","family":"L\u00f3pez-Escamilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital General \u201cDr. Manuel Gea Gonz\u00e1lez,\u201d"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital General \u201cDr. Manuel Gea Gonz\u00e1lez,\u201d"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pablo","family":"Vinuesa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dolores","family":"Correa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Pediatr\u00eda"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pablo","family":"Maravilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital General \u201cDr. Manuel Gea Gonz\u00e1lez,\u201d"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(01)00301-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2013.08.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(00)00131-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026036"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004898"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.27.8.1787-1792.1989"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182008004873"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2012.08.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","volume-title":"Los mam\u00edferos silvestres de M\u00e9xico\/Gerardo Ceballos, Gisselle Oliva, coordinadores","author":"Ceballos G","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ceballos G, , Oliva G. (Eds.). Los mam\u00edferos silvestres de M\u00e9xico\/Gerardo Ceballos, Gisselle Oliva, coordinadores. M\u00e9xico: Comision Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad, Fondo de Cultura Econ\u00f3mica, 2005."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2011.03.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.06514-11"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.287.5452.443"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-4758(97)01163-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_1","first-page":"83","article-title":"Toxoplasma gondii and the host cells","volume":"60","author":"D\u0142ugo\u0144ska H","year":"2014","unstructured":"D\u0142ugo\u0144ska H. Toxoplasma gondii and the host cells. 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