{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T03:36:03Z","timestamp":1791344163021,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,1]],"date-time":"2017-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1506816000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Birds are involved in the epidemiology of several vector-borne viruses, as amplification hosts for viruses, dissemination vehicles for the vectors, and sources of emerging strains in cross-species transmission. Turkey provides diverse habitats for a variety of wild birds and is located along major bird migration routes. This study was undertaken to provide a cross-sectional screening of avian specimens for a spectrum of vector-borne viruses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The specimens were collected in Hatay province, in the Mediterranean coast of the Anatolian peninsula, located in the convergence zone of the known migration routes. Generic PCR assays were used for the detection of members of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Nairovirus<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Flavivirus<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Phlebovirus<\/jats:italic>\n                      genera of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Flaviviridae<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Bunyaviridae<\/jats:italic>\n                      families. The circulating viruses were characterized via sequencing and selected specimens were inoculated onto Vero cell lines for virus isolation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results and Discussion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Specimens from 72 wild birds belonging in 8 orders and 14 species were collected. A total of 158 specimens that comprise 32 sera (20.3%) from 7 species and 126 tissues (79.7%) from 14 species were screened. Eight specimens (8\/158, 5%), obtained from 4 individuals (4\/72, 5.5%), were positive. West Nile virus (WNV) lineage 1 sequences were characterized in the spleen, heart, and kidney tissues from a lesser spotted eagle (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Clanga pomarina<\/jats:italic>\n                      ), which distinctly clustered from sequences previously identified in Turkey. Toscana virus (TOSV) genotype A and B sequences were identified in brain and kidney tissues from a greater flamingo (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Phoenicopterus roseus<\/jats:italic>\n                      ), a great white pelican (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Pelecanus onocrotalus<\/jats:italic>\n                      ), and a black stork (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Ciconia nigra<\/jats:italic>\n                      ), without successful virus isolation. Partial amino acid sequences of the viral nucleocapsid protein revealed previously unreported substitutions. This study documents the involvement of avians in WNV dispersion in Anatolia as well in TOSV life cycle.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2017.2138","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,23]],"date-time":"2017-08-23T12:07:42Z","timestamp":1503490062000},"page":"698-708","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["A Snapshot Avian Surveillance Reveals West Nile Virus and Evidence of Wild Birds Participating in Toscana Virus Circulation"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Sabri","family":"Hacioglu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ankara University","place":["Turkey"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ender","family":"Dincer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mersin University","place":["Turkey"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cafer Tayer","family":"Isler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mustafa Kemal University","place":["Turkey"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zeynep","family":"Karapinar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yuzuncu Y\u0131l University","place":["Turkey"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veysel Soydal","family":"Ataseven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mustafa Kemal University","place":["Turkey"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aykut","family":"Ozkul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ankara University","place":["Turkey"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koray","family":"Ergunay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hacettepe University","place":["Turkey"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","article-title":"Spread of the invasive mosquitoes Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in the Black Sea region increases risk of Chikungunya, Dengue, and Zika outbreaks in Europe","volume":"10","author":"Akiner MM","year":"2016","unstructured":"Akiner MM, , Demirci B, , Babuadze G, , Robert V, et al. Spread of the invasive mosquitoes Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in the Black Sea region increases risk of Chikungunya, Dengue, and Zika outbreaks in Europe. 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