{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T06:53:28Z","timestamp":1777877608020,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,1]],"date-time":"2017-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1504224000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,1]],"date-time":"2017-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1504224000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Our longitudinal study of plague dynamics was conducted in north-central New Mexico to identify which species in the community were infected with plague, to determine the spatial and temporal patterns of the dynamics of plague epizootics, and to describe the dynamics of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Yersinia pestis<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection within individual hosts. A total of 3156 fleas collected from 535 small mammals of 8 species were tested for\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Y. pestis<\/jats:italic>\n                    DNA. Nine fleas collected from six southern plains woodrats (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Neotoma micropus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) and from one rock squirrel (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Otospermophilus variegatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) were positive for the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">pla<\/jats:italic>\n                    gene of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Y. pestis<\/jats:italic>\n                    . None of 127 fleas collected from 17 woodrat nests was positive. Hemagglutinating antibodies to the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Y. pestis<\/jats:italic>\n                    -specific F1 antigen were detected in 11 rodents of 6 species. All parts of the investigated area were subjected to local disappearance of woodrats. Despite the active die-offs, some woodrats always were present within the relatively limited endemic territory and apparently were never exposed to plague. Our observations suggest that small-scale die-offs in woodrats can support maintenance of plague in the active U.S. Southwestern focus.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2017.2142","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,9]],"date-time":"2017-08-09T16:32:22Z","timestamp":1502296342000},"page":"635-644","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Small-Scale Die-Offs in Woodrats Support Long-Term Maintenance of Plague in the U.S. Southwest"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Michael","family":"Kosoy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pamela","family":"Reynolds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New Mexico Department of Health"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kelly","family":"Sheff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Russell E.","family":"Enscore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Montenieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Ettestad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New Mexico Department of Health"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenneth","family":"Gage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3504233"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2009.0044"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/tpbi.2000.1517"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","first-page":"129","volume-title":"Laboratory Manual of Plague Diagnostic Tests","author":"Chu M","year":"2000","unstructured":"Chu M. Laboratory Manual of Plague Diagnostic Tests. Atlanta, GA: CDC-WHO, 2000:129."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1510.090188"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","first-page":"107","article-title":"Flea, rodent, plague ecology at Chuchupate Campground, Ventura County, California","volume":"27","author":"Davis R","year":"2002","unstructured":"Davis R, , Smith R, , Madon M, , Sitko-Cleugh E. Flea, rodent, plague ecology at Chuchupate Campground, Ventura County, California. J Vector Ecol, 2002; 27:107\u2013127.","journal-title":"J Vector Ecol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","first-page":"10","article-title":"Is plague a \u201cprotonosis\u201d?","volume":"2","author":"Domaradsky IV","year":"1999","unstructured":"Domaradsky IV. Is plague a \u201cprotonosis\u201d?. (The role of protoaoza in plague epizootology) Med Parazitol (Moscow), 1999; 2:10\u201313.","journal-title":"(The role of protoaoza in plague epizootology) Med Parazitol (Moscow)"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","first-page":"349","article-title":"Ecological factors of plague focality","volume":"19","author":"Fenyuk BK","year":"1940","unstructured":"Fenyuk BK. Ecological factors of plague focality. Zoologicheckiy Zhurnal (Leningrad), 1940; 19:349\u2013351.","journal-title":"Zoologicheckiy Zhurnal (Leningrad)"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-46.2.356"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","first-page":"207","volume-title":"Manual of Medical Entomology","author":"Furman DP","year":"1982","unstructured":"Furman DP, , Catts EP. Manual of Medical Entomology. New York: Cambridge Univ Press, 1982:207."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ento.50.071803.130337"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_1","first-page":"213","volume-title":"Recovery of the Black-Footed Ferret: Progress and Continuing Challenges","author":"Gage K","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gage K, , Kosoy M. Recent trends in plague ecology. In: Roelle JE, , Miller BJ, , Godbey JL, , Biggins DE, eds. Recovery of the Black-Footed Ferret: Progress and Continuing Challenges. Reston, Virginia: U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey, 2006:213\u2013231."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"The detection of unapparent infection with Pasteurella pestis in a Microtus californicus population in the San Francisco Bay area","volume":"3","author":"Goldenberg M","year":"1964","unstructured":"Goldenberg M, , Quan S, , Hudson B. The detection of unapparent infection with Pasteurella pestis in a Microtus californicus population in the San Francisco Bay area. Zoonoses Res, 1964; 3:1\u201313.","journal-title":"Zoonoses Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Holland GP. The fleas of Canada Alaska and Greenland (Siphonaptera). Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada. No. 130. Ottawa: Entomological Society of Canada 1985:631.","DOI":"10.4039\/entm117130fv"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_1","volume-title":"An Illustrated Catalogue of the Rothschild Collection of Fleas (Siphonaptera) in the British Museum","author":"Hopkins GHE","year":"1971","unstructured":"Hopkins GHE, , Rothschild M. An Illustrated Catalogue of the Rothschild Collection of Fleas (Siphonaptera) in the British Museum. London: University Printing House Cambridge, 1971:vol. 5."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_1","first-page":"533","volume-title":"Fleas of Western North America","author":"Hubbard CA","year":"1947","unstructured":"Hubbard CA. Fleas of Western North America. Ames, IA: The Iowa State College Press, 1947:533."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2699.2005.01251.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_1","first-page":"99","article-title":"Ecological studies of wild rodent plague in the San Francisco Bay area of California","volume":"1","author":"Kartman L","year":"1964","unstructured":"Kartman L, , Quan S, , Stark H. Ecological studies of wild rodent plague in the San Francisco Bay area of California. 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New York, 2002","volume":"52","author":"Perlman D","year":"2003","unstructured":"Perlman D, , Primas R, , Raucher B, et al. Imported plague. New York, 2002. Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 2003: 52:725\u2013728.","journal-title":"Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_1","first-page":"515","volume-title":"CRC Handbook Series in Zoonoses, Section A: Bacterial, Rickettsial, and Mycotic Diseases","author":"Poland J","year":"1979","unstructured":"Poland J, , Barnes A. Plague. In: Steele JH, , Stoenner H, , Kaplan W, eds. CRC Handbook Series in Zoonoses, Section A: Bacterial, Rickettsial, and Mycotic Diseases. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press, Inc., 1979, vol. 1:515\u2013597."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_1","first-page":"338","volume-title":"Natural Focality and Epizootiology of Plague","author":"Rall YM","year":"1965","unstructured":"Rall YM. Natural Focality and Epizootiology of Plague. 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