{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T06:53:52Z","timestamp":1777877632412,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,27]],"date-time":"2019-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1551225600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    By the nature of their environment and behavior, free-roaming cats are at increased risk of exposure to a wide range of pathogens compared with client-owned cats. Consequently, free-roaming cats can act as a reservoir for possible zoonotic infections. In this study, 140 cats were prospectively recruited over a 12-month period from a free-roaming cat spay and neuter clinic and a local animal shelter in the state of Iowa. The presence of antileptospiral antibodies was measured using a microscopic agglutination test against six leptospiral serovars (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">canicola<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">pomona<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">icterhemorrhagiae<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bratislava<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">hardjo<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">grippotyphosa<\/jats:italic>\n                    ). In addition, serum samples were tested for the presence of antibodies against\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Dirofilaria immitis<\/jats:italic>\n                    using an ELISA and lateral flow immunoassay, respectively. Serum samples from 12\/139 cats (8.6%) were positive for the leptospiral serovars tested, with\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">bratislava<\/jats:italic>\n                    having the highest prevalence. Cats were more likely to be positive in the spring than in the fall or summer. Positive titers to\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">D. immitis<\/jats:italic>\n                    were present in 42\/140 cats (30%) and 9\/140 cats (6.4%), respectively. Cats &gt;72 months of age were more likely to be seropositive to\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    than cats in younger age groups. Feline\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Leptospira<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. seroprevalence was higher in this Midwestern location than has previously been reported elsewhere in the United States. Contrary to previously reported seasonal trends, this population was more likely to be\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Leptospira<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. seropositive in the spring rather than fall or summer. Seroprevalence of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">D. immitis<\/jats:italic>\n                    in this geographical location was substantially lower than previous reports of free-roaming cats in the United States.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2017.2255","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,1]],"date-time":"2018-11-01T17:02:50Z","timestamp":1541091770000},"page":"193-198","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Seroprevalence of\n                    <i>Leptospira<\/i>\n                    spp.,\n                    <i>Toxoplasma gondii<\/i>\n                    , and\n                    <i>Dirofilaria immitis<\/i>\n                    in Free-Roaming Cats in Iowa"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Jean-S\u00e9bastien","family":"Palerme","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Lamperelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jordan","family":"Gagne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Callie","family":"Cazlan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ocean State Veterinary Specialists, East Greenwich, Rhode Island."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"June E.","family":"Olds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5326\/JAAHA-MS-5748"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1998.212.04.517"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani4040612"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10393-014-0975-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2005.66.1780"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2013.1324"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-015-4738-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-44.3.537"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1645\/0022-3395(2002)088[0802:POTGAI]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022149X10000027"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","first-page":"176","article-title":"Experimental feline leptospirosis","volume":"54","author":"Fessler JF","year":"1964","unstructured":"Fessler JF, , Morter RL. 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