{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T06:54:05Z","timestamp":1777877645557,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,26]],"date-time":"2019-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1561507200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Plague is a lethal zoonotic disease associated with rodents worldwide. In the western United States, plague outbreaks can decimate prairie dog (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Cynomys<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp.) colonies. However, it is unclear where the causative agent,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Yersinia pestis<\/jats:italic>\n                    , of this flea-borne disease is maintained between outbreaks, and what triggers plague-induced prairie dog die-offs. Less susceptible rodent hosts, such as mice, could serve to maintain the bacterium, transport infectious fleas across a colony, or introduce the pathogen to other colonies, possibly facilitating an outbreak. Here, we assess the potential role of two short-lived rodent species, North American deer mice (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Peromyscus maniculatus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) and Northern grasshopper mice (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Onychomys leucogaster<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) in plague dynamics on prairie dog colonies. We live-trapped short-lived rodents and collected their fleas on black-tailed (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Cynomys ludovicianus<\/jats:italic>\n                    , Montana and South Dakota), white-tailed (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Cynomys leucurus<\/jats:italic>\n                    , Utah and Wyoming), and Utah prairie dog colonies (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Cynomys parvidens<\/jats:italic>\n                    , Utah) annually, from 2013 to 2016. Plague outbreaks occurred on colonies of all three species. In all study areas, deer mouse abundance was high the year before plague-induced prairie dog die-offs, but mouse abundance per colony was not predictive of plague die-offs in prairie dogs. We did not detect\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Y. pestis<\/jats:italic>\n                    DNA in mouse fleas during prairie dog die-offs, but in three cases we found it beforehand. On one white-tailed prairie dog colony, we detected\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Y. pestis<\/jats:italic>\n                    positive fleas on one grasshopper mouse and several prairie dogs live-trapped 10 days later, months before visible declines and plague-confirmed mortality of prairie dogs. On one black-tailed prairie dog colony, we detected\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Y. pestis<\/jats:italic>\n                    positive fleas on two deer mice 3 months before evidence of plague was detected in prairie dogs or their fleas and also well before a plague-induced die-off. These observations of plague positive fleas on mice could represent early spillover events of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Y. pestis<\/jats:italic>\n                    from prairie dogs or an unknown reservoir, or possible movement of infectious fleas by mice.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2018.2322","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,17]],"date-time":"2019-04-17T10:59:30Z","timestamp":1555498770000},"page":"486-493","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Plague-Positive Mouse Fleas on Mice Before Plague Induced Die-Offs in Black-Tailed and White-Tailed Prairie Dogs"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Gebbiena M.","family":"Bron","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Geological Survey National Wildlife Health Center, Madison, Wisconsin."},{"name":"Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison, School of Veterinary Medicine, Madison, Wisconsin."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carly M.","family":"Malav\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Geological Survey National Wildlife Health Center, Madison, Wisconsin."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jesse T.","family":"Boulerice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wyoming Game and Fish Department, Laramie, Wyoming."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jorge E.","family":"Osorio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison, School of Veterinary Medicine, Madison, Wisconsin."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tonie E.","family":"Rocke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"U.S. Geological Survey National Wildlife Health Center, Madison, Wisconsin."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2008.11.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-33.4.720"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_1","first-page":"237","article-title":"Surveillance and control of bubonic plague in the United States","volume":"50","author":"Barnes AM","year":"1982","unstructured":"Barnes AM. Surveillance and control of bubonic plague in the United States. Symp Zool Soc L, 1982; 50:237\u2013270.","journal-title":"Symp Zool Soc L"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_1","unstructured":"Bates D M\u00e4chler M Bolker BM Walker SC. Package \u201clme4.\u201d. 2016."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.00593-17"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_1","first-page":"3","volume-title":"Threatened, Endangered, and Nongame Bird and Mammal Investigations","author":"Boulerice JT","year":"2017","unstructured":"Boulerice JT. Establishment of the Meeteetsee Reintroduction Area for black-footed ferrets. In: Orabona A, ed. Threatened, Endangered, and Nongame Bird and Mammal Investigations. WY: Wyoming Game and Fish Department, 2017:3\u20135."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_1","unstructured":"Brinkerhoff RJ. Mammal and Flea Occurrence in Association with Black-tailed Prairie Dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) Colonies: Implications for Interspecific Plague Transmission. 2008. University of Colorado"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2009.0044"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_1","unstructured":"Bron GM. The role of short-lived rodents in plague ecology on prairie dog colonies. University of Wisconsin-Madison 2017"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10393-018-1334-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0049124104268644"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.13-0191"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-33.4.706"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0587.2009.05746.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10393-018-1337-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1994.51.109"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jmammal\/gyw035"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/4582984"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_1","volume-title":"Manual of Medical Entomology","author":"Furman DP","year":"1982","unstructured":"Furman DP, , Catts P. Manual of Medical Entomology. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1982."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.285.5433.1505"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1063699"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/96.2.133"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/4589583"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_25_1","unstructured":"Holmes BE. Ecology and Persistence of Sylvatic Plague in Phillips County Montana. University of Montana 2003."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-42.1.164"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_27_1","volume-title":"Fleas of Western North America","author":"Hubbard CA","year":"1947","unstructured":"Hubbard CA. Fleas of Western North America. Iowa: Iowa State College Press, 1947."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1644\/12-MAMM-A-197.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1935536"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_30_1","first-page":"184","article-title":"A review of the North American species of Oropsylla Wagner and Ioff, 1926 (Siphonaptera: Ceratophyllidae: Ceratophyllinae)","volume":"27","author":"Lewis RE","year":"2002","unstructured":"Lewis RE. A review of the North American species of Oropsylla Wagner and Ioff, 1926 (Siphonaptera: Ceratophyllidae: Ceratophyllinae). J Vector Ecol, 2002; 27:184\u2013206.","journal-title":"J Vector Ecol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2992\/0097-4463(2008)76[279:OTNFGO]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_32_1","first-page":"51","article-title":"A review of the North American Catallagia Rothschild, 1915, with the description of a new species (Siphonaptera: Ctenophthalmidae: Neopsyllinae: Phalacropsyllini)","volume":"26","author":"Lewis RE","year":"2001","unstructured":"Lewis RE, , Haas GE. A review of the North American Catallagia Rothschild, 1915, with the description of a new species (Siphonaptera: Ctenophthalmidae: Neopsyllinae: Phalacropsyllini). J Vector Ecol, 2001; 26:51\u201369.","journal-title":"J Vector Ecol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_33_1","first-page":"235","article-title":"A review of the flea genus Eumolpianus Smit, 1983 with a discussion of its geographic distribution and host associations (Siphonaptera: Ceratophyllidae: Ceratophyllinae)","volume":"27","author":"Lewis RE","year":"2002","unstructured":"Lewis RE, , Jameson EW. A review of the flea genus Eumolpianus Smit, 1983 with a discussion of its geographic distribution and host associations (Siphonaptera: Ceratophyllidae: Ceratophyllinae). J Vector Ecol, 2002; 27:235\u2013249.","journal-title":"J Vector Ecol"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2016.2069"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-12-13"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-42.1.74"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10393-017-1253-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.4390"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1002826107"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2007.0199"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biosci\/biv179"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_42_1","first-page":"235","article-title":"Patterns of extinction in prairie dog metapopulations: Plague outbreaks follow El Ni\u00f1o events","volume":"2","author":"Stapp P","year":"2004","unstructured":"Stapp P, , Antolin MF, , Ball M. Patterns of extinction in prairie dog metapopulations: Plague outbreaks follow El Ni\u00f1o events. Front Ecol Environ, 2004; 2:235\u2013240.","journal-title":"Front Ecol Environ"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2656.2009.01541.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_44_1","article-title":"A revision of the flea genus Thrassis Jordan 1933 (Siphonaptera: Ceratophyllidae) with observations on ecology and relationship to plague","volume":"53","author":"Stark HE","year":"1970","unstructured":"Stark HE. A revision of the flea genus Thrassis Jordan 1933 (Siphonaptera: Ceratophyllidae) with observations on ecology and relationship to plague. Oakland, CA, Univ Calif Publs Ent, 1970; 53:pp.vii + 184.","journal-title":"Oakland, CA, Univ Calif Publs Ent"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-44.3.731"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3376\/1081-1710(2008)33[178:GVIRRI]2.0.CO;2"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-25.4.477"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-24.2.327"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-24.3.399"}],"container-title":["Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/vbz.2018.2322","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/vbz.2018.2322","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/vbz.2018.2322","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T22:57:45Z","timestamp":1777589865000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/vbz.2018.2322"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,26]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/vbz.2018.2322"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/vbz.2018.2322","relation":{},"ISSN":["1530-3667","1557-7759"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1530-3667","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-7759","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,26]]}}}