{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T06:54:22Z","timestamp":1777877662623,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,1]],"date-time":"2019-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564617600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"abstract":"\n Background:<\/jats:title>\n Due to their close relationship with the environment, Alaskans are at risk for zoonotic pathogen infection. One way to assess a population's disease burden is to determine the seroprevalence of pathogens of interest. The objective of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of 11 zoonotic pathogens in people living in Alaska.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n \n In a 2007 avian influenza exposure study, we recruited persons with varying wild bird exposures. Using sera from this study, we tested for antibodies to\n Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic>\n spp.,\n Echinococcus<\/jats:italic>\n spp.,\n Giardia intestinalis<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Trichinella<\/jats:italic>\n spp.,\n Brucella<\/jats:italic>\n spp.,\n Coxiella burnetii<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Francisella tularensis<\/jats:italic>\n , California serogroup bunyaviruses, and hepatitis E virus (HEV).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n Eight hundred eighty-seven persons had sera tested, including 454 subsistence bird hunters and family members, 160 sport bird hunters, 77 avian wildlife biologists, and 196 persons with no wild bird exposure. A subset (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009481) of sera was tested for California serogroup bunyaviruses. We detected antibodies to 10\/11 pathogens. Seropositivity to\n Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic>\n spp. (29%), California serotype bunyaviruses (27%), and\n G. intestinalis<\/jats:italic>\n (19%) was the most common; 63% (301\/481) of sera had antibodies to at least one pathogen. Using a multivariable logistic regression model,\n Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic>\n spp. seropositivity was higher in females (35.7% vs. 25.0%;\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.01) and\n G<\/jats:italic>\n .\n intestinalis<\/jats:italic>\n seropositivity was higher in males (21.8% vs. 15.5%;\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.02). Alaska Native persons were more likely than non-Native persons to be seropositive to\n C. burnetii<\/jats:italic>\n (11.7% vs. 3.8%;\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.005) and less likely to be seropositive to HEV (0.4% vs. 4.1%;\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.01). Seropositivity to\n Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic>\n spp.,\n C. burnetii<\/jats:italic>\n , HEV, and\n Echinococcus granulosus<\/jats:italic>\n was associated with increasing age (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009\u2264\u20090.01 for all) as was seropositivity to \u22651 pathogen (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.0001).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n \n Seropositivity to zoonotic pathogens is common among Alaskans with the highest to\n Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic>\n spp., California serogroup bunyaviruses, and\n G. intestinalis<\/jats:italic>\n . This study provides a baseline for use in assessing seroprevalence changes over time.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2018.2390","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,21]],"date-time":"2019-02-21T11:15:43Z","timestamp":1550747743000},"page":"563-575","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Human Seroprevalence to 11 Zoonotic Pathogens in the U.S. Arctic, Alaska"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Karen M.","family":"Miernyk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Arctic Investigations Program, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Anchorage, Alaska."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dana","family":"Bruden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arctic Investigations Program, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Anchorage, Alaska."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alan J.","family":"Parkinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arctic Investigations Program, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Anchorage, Alaska."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Debby","family":"Hurlburt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arctic Investigations Program, Division of Preparedness and Emerging Infections, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Anchorage, Alaska."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Klejka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yukon-Kuskokwim Health Corporation, Bethel, Alaska."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Berner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, Anchorage, Alaska."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robyn A.","family":"Stoddard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bacterial Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sukwan","family":"Handali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parasitic Diseases Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patricia P.","family":"Wilkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Parasitic Diseases Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gilbert J.","family":"Kersh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kelly","family":"Fitzpatrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rickettsial Zoonoses Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mike A.","family":"Drebot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zoonotic Diseases and Special Pathogens, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey W.","family":"Priest","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Waterborne Diseases Prevention Branch, Division of Foodborne, Waterborne, and Environmental Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryan","family":"Pappert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bacterial Diseases Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Ft. Collins, Colorado."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeannine M.","family":"Petersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bacterial Diseases Branch, Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Ft. 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