{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T06:54:23Z","timestamp":1777877663828,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,1]],"date-time":"2019-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564617600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Bartonella henselae<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      is a zoonotic vector-borne pathogen affecting both humans and dogs. Little is known about the epidemiology of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">B. henselae<\/jats:italic>\n                      in dogs, including risk factors associated with exposure. The objectives of this study were to map the current distribution of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">B. henselae<\/jats:italic>\n                      in dogs in North Carolina (NC) and to identify ecological and socioeconomic factors influencing\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">B. henselae<\/jats:italic>\n                      seroreactivity.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Results from 4446\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">B. henselae<\/jats:italic>\n                      serology samples from dogs in NC submitted by veterinarians for clinical diagnostic testing to the North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine Vector Borne Disease Diagnostic Laboratory between January 1, 2004 and December 31, 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. These results were used to generate a map of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">B. henselae<\/jats:italic>\n                      seroreactivity. To account for sparsely sampled areas, statistical smoothing using head banging and areal interpolation kriging was performed. Using previously described risk factors for exposure to canine tick-borne diseases, eight multivariable logistic regression models based on biologically plausible hypotheses were tested, and a final model was selected using an Akaike's Information Criterion weighted-average approach.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>Seroreactivity among dogs tested for vector-borne disease was variable across the state: higher along the southern\/eastern coastal plains and eastern Piedmont, and lower in the western mountains. Of 25 explanatory factors considered, the model combining demographic, socioeconomic, climatic, and land use variables fits best. Based on this model, female intact sex and increasing percentage of the county with low-intensity development and evergreen forest were associated with higher seroreactivity. Conversely, moderate development, increasing median household income, and higher temperature range and relative humidity were associated with lower seroreactivity. This model could be improved, however, by including local and host-scale factors that may play a significant role in dogs' exposure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2018.2397","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,21]],"date-time":"2019-05-21T13:24:21Z","timestamp":1558445061000},"page":"582-595","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Ecological and Socioeconomic Factors Associated with\n                    <i>Bartonella henselae<\/i>\n                    Exposure in Dogs Tested for Vector-Borne Diseases in North Carolina"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Erin W.","family":"Lashnits","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Comparative Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel E.","family":"Dawson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edward","family":"Breitschwerdt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Lanzas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.6.2799-2801.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0189092"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-74075-1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1603.081685"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.inf.0000101477.90756.50"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_1","volume-title":"Multi-Model Inference. 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