{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T04:43:25Z","timestamp":1785905005901,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,1]],"date-time":"2019-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564617600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,1]],"date-time":"2019-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1564617600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Japanese encephalitis (JE), which is caused by the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), is a zoonotic, vector-borne neurotropic disease that remains a major cause of viral encephalitis in Asia. JEV is spread to humans through mosquitoes, and its primary transmission vector is\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Culex tritaeniorhynchus<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Mosquitoes were sampled from three collection sites: Hanzhuang town in Weishan County, Taibai Lake in Jining city, and Dongping Lake in Shandong Province, China. Pyrethroid insecticide resistance bioassays were conducted using adult mosquitoes.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Cx. tritaeniorhynchus<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. pipiens pallens<\/jats:italic>\n                    populations in Hanzhuang town and Dongping Lake showed resistance to pyrethroid insecticides, and populations in Taibai Lake showed incipient resistance.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Coquillettidia ochracea<\/jats:italic>\n                    populations in Hanzhuang town presented resistance as well, while in Taibai Lake, resistance was incipient. A total of 16,711 mosquitoes were collected, identified, and divided into 346 pools for JEV testing.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Cx. tritaeniorhynchus<\/jats:italic>\n                    had the advantage of being a local mosquito species. Overall, 31 (22.96) of the 135 pools of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Cx. Tritaeniorhynchus<\/jats:italic>\n                    were positive for JEV. The overall maximum likelihood estimates of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Cx. tritaeniorhynchus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. pipiens pallens<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Cq. ochracea<\/jats:italic>\n                    indicated pooled infection rates of 5.29\/1000 mosquitoes (95% confidence interval [CI]\u2009=\u20093.67\u20137.42), 1.60\/1000 mosquitoes (95% CI\u2009=\u20090.82\u20132.85), and 6.39\/1000 mosquitoes (95% CI\u2009=\u20090.39\u201332.23), respectively. There were no significant differences in the pooled infection rates between the districts. The resistance to pyrethroids has increased the difficulty in controlling the mosquito vectors, especially JEV-positive mosquitoes. Given the changes in the JEV transmission vectors, the spatial and temporal diversity and the dynamic variety of mosquito species, insecticide resistance and global warming have the potential to facilitate the transmission of JE to humans.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2018.2416","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,14]],"date-time":"2019-05-14T14:27:31Z","timestamp":1557844051000},"page":"640-645","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Potential Risks Associated with Japanese Encephalitis Prevalence in Shandong Province, China"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Qiqi","family":"Shi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jining, China."},{"name":"National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, MOH, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jining, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yeyuan","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jining, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaodan","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jining, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jingxuan","family":"Kou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jining, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huai Wei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jining, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haobing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, MOH, National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jining, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maoqing","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shandong Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jining, China."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2005.5.420"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1948-7134.2011.00158.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.1288"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","first-page":"264","article-title":"Spatial dissemination and migration events of Japanese encephalitis virus","volume":"3","author":"Gao XY","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gao XY, , Zhou HW, , Liu H, , Fu SH, et al. 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