{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T15:48:56Z","timestamp":1778341736194,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,1]],"date-time":"2020-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1583020800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    is one of protozoan parasites resulting in zoonosis, which can infect nearly all of warm-blooded hosts, including humans and raccoon dogs (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Nyctereutes procyonoides<\/jats:italic>\n                    ). However, related reports on prevalence and genetic characterization of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    strains in raccoon dogs were few in China. The aim of this study was to survey the prevalence and genetic characterization of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    strains in domestic raccoon dogs from Jilin, Liaoning, and Hebei provinces, northern China. During April 2016 to November 2017, a total of 337 tissue samples collected from domestic raccoon dogs were detected with B1 gene using a nested PCR. And the positive samples were genotyped at 11 genetic markers (SAG1, 5\u2032-and 3\u2032-SAG2, alternative SAG2, SAG3, BTUB, GRA6, L358, PK1, c22-8, c29-2, and Apico) using multilocus PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism technology. Sixteen out of 337 sika deer (4.75%) were positive with B1 gene by nest PCR. Furthermore, four positive DNA samples were completely typed through further being genotyped, in which three samples were identified as ToxoDB Genotype #9, and one sample was confirmed as ToxoDB Genotype #10. The results of molecular detection not only revealed the existence of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    in domestic raccoon dogs in Jilin, Liaoning, and Hebei for the first time, but also provided the information of genetic diversity. This study also indicated that ToxoDB Genotype #9 as a kind of potential reservoir for\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    transmission, may be main genotype in domestic raccoon dogs in China, posing a risk of infection in human health.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2019.2512","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,7]],"date-time":"2019-10-07T14:24:05Z","timestamp":1570458245000},"page":"231-235","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Prevalence and Genotyping of\n                    <i>Toxoplasma gondii<\/i>\n                    Infection in Raccoon Dogs (\n                    <i>Nyctereutes procyonoides<\/i>\n                    ) in Northern China"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Si-Yuan","family":"Qin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, P.R. China."},{"name":"General Monitoring Station for Wildlife-Borne Infectious Diseases, State Forestry and Grass Administration, Liaoning Shenyang, P.R. China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dong","family":"Chu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General Monitoring Station for Wildlife-Borne Infectious Diseases, State Forestry and Grass Administration, Liaoning Shenyang, P.R. China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"He-Ting","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General Monitoring Station for Wildlife-Borne Infectious Diseases, State Forestry and Grass Administration, Liaoning Shenyang, P.R. China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, P.R. China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lin-Hong","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General Monitoring Station for Wildlife-Borne Infectious Diseases, State Forestry and Grass Administration, Liaoning Shenyang, P.R. China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General Monitoring Station for Wildlife-Borne Infectious Diseases, State Forestry and Grass Administration, Liaoning Shenyang, P.R. China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing-Hao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General Monitoring Station for Wildlife-Borne Infectious Diseases, State Forestry and Grass Administration, Liaoning Shenyang, P.R. China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dong-Yang","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General Monitoring Station for Wildlife-Borne Infectious Diseases, State Forestry and Grass Administration, Liaoning Shenyang, P.R. China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"You","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General Monitoring Station for Wildlife-Borne Infectious Diseases, State Forestry and Grass Administration, Liaoning Shenyang, P.R. China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanan","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, P.R. China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences, Changchun Sci-Tech University, Shuangyang, P.R. China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2011.06.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Toxoplasmosis of Animals and Humans. 2nd ed","author":"Dubey JP","year":"2010","unstructured":"Dubey JP. Toxoplasmosis of Animals and Humans. 2nd ed. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press,, 2010:1\u2013313.","journal-title":"Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press,"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2008.03.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2007.11.012"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.12.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3409\/fb60_1-2.61-64"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006254-200105000-00025"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2014.04.016"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2011.01.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0601438103"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/4289648"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(04)16412-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11150\/kansenshogakuzasshi1970.70.1068"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11150\/kansenshogakuzasshi1970.72.331"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2012.01.026"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-014-0558-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2015.05.015"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2018.2423"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182013001844"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7589\/2018-03-080"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2012.06.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_1","article-title":"Genotypes and mouse virulence of Toxoplasma gondii isolates from animals and humans in China","volume":"8","author":"Wang L","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wang L, , Chen H, , Liu D, , Huo X, et al. Genotypes and mouse virulence of Toxoplasma gondii isolates from animals and humans in China. PLoS One, 2013; 8:e53483.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2009.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2015.08.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1645\/13-381.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2018.2355"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_1","first-page":"7","article-title":"Statistical report on the number of minks, foxes and raccoon dogs in China","volume":"12","author":"Zhang ZM","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhang ZM. Statistical report on the number of minks, foxes and raccoon dogs in China. Special Economic Anim Plant, 2016; 12:7. (In Chinese)","journal-title":"Special Economic Anim Plant"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_1","first-page":"2","article-title":"Feasibility analysis on developing raccoon breeding industry in Shandong Province","volume":"16","author":"Zhao GQ","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zhao GQ, , Yang JC, , Gao YX, , Zhang CY, et al. Feasibility analysis on developing raccoon breeding industry in Shandong Province. Special Economic Anim Plant, 2013; 16:2\u20134. (In Chinese)","journal-title":"Special Economic Anim Plant"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2016.2035"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.05.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-4-165"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1645\/GE-2465.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1645\/GE-2851.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2009.01.006"}],"container-title":["Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/vbz.2019.2512","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/vbz.2019.2512","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/vbz.2019.2512","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T22:59:13Z","timestamp":1777589953000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/vbz.2019.2512"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/vbz.2019.2512"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/vbz.2019.2512","relation":{},"ISSN":["1530-3667","1557-7759"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1530-3667","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-7759","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]}}}