{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T23:10:40Z","timestamp":1787008240546,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,1]],"date-time":"2020-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1583020800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"abstract":"\n Ixodes ricinus<\/jats:italic>\n is a potential vector for some of the tick-borne microorganisms that can cause significant diseases in animals and humans. This study aims to determine the prevalence of\n Anaplasma<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Rickettsia<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Bartonella<\/jats:italic>\n , and\n Francisella<\/jats:italic>\n species in host-seeking ticks collected from the forest areas in the Sinop region located in the northernmost part of Turkey. Between May and July 2017, a total of 135 tick pools formed from 2571 of the 2734 ticks collected out of the vegetation. Samples of each pool were homogenized and analyzed by PCR. Infection prevalence was statistically analyzed in view of the maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). DNA of the infectious agents was determined only in the adult and nymph pools of\n I. ricinus<\/jats:italic>\n . MLE values of\n Anaplasma spp.<\/jats:italic>\n and\n Bartonella spp<\/jats:italic>\n . in 58 pools formed from 517 of\n I. ricinus<\/jats:italic>\n adults were 1.20% (95% CI: 0.50\u20132.49) and 0.80% (95% CI: 0.26\u20131.91), respectively. In 42 pools generated from 1222 of\n I. ricinus<\/jats:italic>\n nymph, MLE values of infection prevalence for\n Anaplasma spp<\/jats:italic>\n . and\n Bartonella spp<\/jats:italic>\n . were calculated to be 0.17% (95% CI: 0.03\u20130.54) and 0.34% (95% CI: 0.11\u20130.82) in respective order. MLE values for\n Rickettsia<\/jats:italic>\n spp. were 7.55% (95% CI: 5.21\u201310.69) and 0.52% (95% CI: 0.22\u20131.083) for the adult and nymph\n I. ricinus<\/jats:italic>\n , respectively. The DNA of\n Francisella tularensis<\/jats:italic>\n was not detected in any tick pool. The outcomes of this research are the first molecular evidence of\n Bartonella<\/jats:italic>\n spp. and\n Bartonella henselae<\/jats:italic>\n in questing\n I. ricinus<\/jats:italic>\n in Turkey. The results also suggested that\n I. ricinus<\/jats:italic>\n plays considerable roles in enzootic transmission cycles of\n Anaplasma phagocytophilum<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n B. henselae<\/jats:italic>\n , and\n Rickettsia monacensis<\/jats:italic>\n in the northernmost region of Turkey.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2019.2513","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,16]],"date-time":"2019-12-16T18:11:17Z","timestamp":1576519877000},"page":"171-176","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The Prevalence of Tick-Borne Pathogens in Ticks Collected from the Northernmost Province (Sinop) of Turkey"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Turabi","family":"Gunes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Vocational School of Health (S.H.M.Y.O), Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehmet","family":"Ata\u015f","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cumhuriyet Universitesi, Sivas, Turkey."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.6.2799-2801.2004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2009.07.025"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1603.081685"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-007-0694-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2008.03.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","volume-title":"PooledInfRate, Version 4.0: a Microsoft\u00ae Office Excel\u00a9 Add-In to compute prevalence estimates from pooled samples","author":"Biggerstaff BJ","year":"2009","unstructured":"Biggerstaff BJ. PooledInfRate, Version 4.0: a Microsoft\u00ae Office Excel\u00a9 Add-In to compute prevalence estimates from pooled samples. Fort Collins, CO: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2009."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ilar\/ilu015"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1407.071110"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","first-page":"269","article-title":"Molecular evidence for Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in Ixodes ricinus ticks from eastern Slovakia","volume":"10","author":"Derdakova M","year":"2003","unstructured":"Derdakova M, , Halanova M, , Stanko M, , Stefancikova A, et al. Molecular evidence for Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in Ixodes ricinus ticks from eastern Slovakia. Ann Agric Environ Med, 2003; 10:269\u2013271.","journal-title":"Ann Agric Environ Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2015.1818"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","unstructured":"Estrada-Pena A. Ticks of Domestic Animals in the Mediterranean Region: A Guide to Identification of Species. Zaragoza: University of Zaragoza 2004: 43\u2013131."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-63760-0_18"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_1","volume-title":"Ixodid ticks (Ixodinae)","author":"Filippova NA","year":"1977","unstructured":"Filippova NA. (1977) Ixodid ticks (Ixodinae). Fauna USSR New Series, vol 4, pp 1\u2013316 (in Russian)."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2012.0996"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_1","first-page":"903","article-title":"M, Poyraz \u00d6, Turgut N. The seroprevalence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in humans from two different climatic regions of Turkey and its co-seroprevalence rate with Borrelia burgdorferi","volume":"41","author":"Gunes T","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gunes T, Ata\u015f M, Poyraz \u00d6, Turgut N. The seroprevalence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in humans from two different climatic regions of Turkey and its co-seroprevalence rate with Borrelia burgdorferi. Turk J Med Sci, 2011; 41:903\u2013908.","journal-title":"Turk J Med Sci"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_1","first-page":"153","article-title":"The Prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in Ixodes ricinus Ticks in the Sinop Region of Turkey","volume":"31","author":"Gunes T","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gunes T, , Kaya S, , Poyraz O, , Engin A. The Prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in Ixodes ricinus Ticks in the Sinop Region of Turkey. 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