{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T23:10:42Z","timestamp":1787008242261,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,31]],"date-time":"2020-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1585612800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Ongoing surveillance of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    seroprevalence and exposure risks in owned cats is important to identify effective mechanisms to decrease the prevalence of this global zoonotic parasite. We aimed to determine the seroprevalence of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    and risk factors for seropositivity in owned domestic cats in Australia. Sera, signalment data, postcode, and completed owner-questionnaires surveying diet composition and lifestyle factors were collected for cats presenting to 18 veterinary clinics across Australia.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    -specific IgG was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Data were analyzed using univariable and multivariable logistic regression to evaluate risk factors associated with positive\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    IgG serology. Among 417 cats,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    seroprevalence was 39%. More than two-thirds of cats tested (69%) had outdoor access and 59% were fed a diet containing raw meat. Univariable analyses identified, age (&gt;1 year,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), a diet containing any raw meat (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.001), raw kangaroo (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.008), raw chicken (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.012), or raw beef (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.017), and hunting (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.049) as risk factors for\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection. Age (&gt;1 year, odds ratio [OR]: 7.15) and feeding of raw meat (OR: 2.23) remained significant risk factors (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) in multivariable analyses.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    seroprevalence did not differ between cats domiciled in urban and semiurban or rural areas. Pet cats in Australia are commonly infected with\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Feeding raw meat to cats, a common practice in Australia, is associated with\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection, highlighting the need for education about the health implications for cats from feeding a diet containing raw meat.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2019.2520","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,30]],"date-time":"2019-12-30T10:19:52Z","timestamp":1577701192000},"page":"275-280","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Seroprevalence and Risk Factors for\n                    <i>Toxoplasma gondii<\/i>\n                    Infection in Owned Domestic Cats in Australia"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Anthea","family":"Brennan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Hawley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Navneet","family":"Dhand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia."},{"name":"Marie Bashir Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lara","family":"Boland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia A.","family":"Beatty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia."},{"name":"Marie Bashir Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael R.","family":"Lappin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanessa R.","family":"Barrs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia."},{"name":"Marie Bashir Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Scientific opinion of the panel on biological hazards on a request from EFSA on surveillance and monitoring of toxoplasma in humans, foods and animals","volume":"583","author":"Andreoletti O","year":"2007","unstructured":"Andreoletti O, , Budka H, , Buncic S, , Colin P, et al. Scientific opinion of the panel on biological hazards on a request from EFSA on surveillance and monitoring of toxoplasma in humans, foods and animals. ESFA J, 2007; 583:1\u201361.","journal-title":"ESFA J"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_1","unstructured":"Animal Medicines Australia. Pet ownership in Australia. 2016. Available at https:\/\/animalmedicinesaustralia.org.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/11\/AMA_Pet-Ownership-in-Australia-2016-Report_sml.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_1","volume-title":"The BARF Diet. Raw Feeding for Dogs & Cats Using Evolutionary Principles","author":"Bilinghurst I","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bilinghurst I. The BARF Diet. Raw Feeding for Dogs & Cats Using Evolutionary Principles. 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