{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T17:25:40Z","timestamp":1784741140450,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,31]],"date-time":"2020-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1585612800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Lyme PCR is a direct detection test, but has not been rigorously evaluated in children undergoing evaluation for acute Lyme disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We performed a six-center prospective cohort study of children aged 1 to 21 years undergoing acute evaluation for Lyme disease. For this planned secondary analysis, we limited our cohort to children undergoing evaluation for Lyme disease who had any Lyme PCR test obtained by a treating clinician (blood, synovial fluid, or cerebrospinal fluid). We defined a case of Lyme disease with a positive two-tier Lyme disease serology: a positive or equivocal enzyme immunoassay followed by a positive supplemental immunoblot interpreted using standard criteria. We report the test characteristics of Lyme PCR for the diagnosis of Lyme disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We identified 124 children of whom 54 (43.5%) had Lyme disease. Overall, 23 had a positive PCR test (sensitivity 41.8%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 29.7\u201355.0; specificity 100%, 95% CI: 94.2\u2013100). All children with a positive Lyme PCR also had a positive two-tiered Lyme disease serology.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Lyme disease PCR test did not improve the diagnosis of children undergoing evaluation for acute Lyme disease. Given the additional costs of this low utility test, clinicians should not order Lyme PCR testing in the acute care setting.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2019.2547","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,10]],"date-time":"2019-12-10T16:35:07Z","timestamp":1575995707000},"page":"310-313","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["The Lyme Disease Polymerase Chain Reaction Test Has Low Sensitivity"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Lise E.","family":"Nigrovic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David P.","family":"Lewander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Emergency Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fran","family":"Balamuth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Desiree N.","family":"Neville","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Emergency Medicine, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael N.","family":"Levas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan E.","family":"Bennett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Emergency Medicine, A.I. Dupont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aris","family":"Garro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"for Pedi Lyme Net","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.18.3.484-509.2005"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.inf.0000172903.14077.4c"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01868-17"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17219\/acem\/28625"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_1","first-page":"590","article-title":"Recommendations for test performance and interpretation from the Second National Conference on Serologic Diagnosis of Lyme Disease","volume":"44","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","year":"1995","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Recommendations for test performance and interpretation from the Second National Conference on Serologic Diagnosis of Lyme Disease. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 1995; 44:590\u2013591.","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02072106"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2016.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03262032"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_1","first-page":"2019","article-title":"Two-tier Lyme disease serology test results can vary by specific first-tier test","volume":"22","author":"Maulden A","year":"2019","unstructured":"Maulden A, , Garro A, , Balamuth F, , Levas M, et al. Two-tier Lyme disease serology test results can vary by specific first-tier test. J Pediatr Infect Dis, 2019; 22:2019.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Infect Dis"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2017-1975"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.2005.00482.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy614"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2011.03749.x"}],"container-title":["Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/vbz.2019.2547","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/vbz.2019.2547","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/vbz.2019.2547","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T22:59:27Z","timestamp":1777589967000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/vbz.2019.2547"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,31]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/vbz.2019.2547"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/vbz.2019.2547","relation":{},"ISSN":["1530-3667","1557-7759"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1530-3667","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-7759","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,31]]}}}