{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T06:55:18Z","timestamp":1777877718390,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,29]],"date-time":"2020-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601337600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Korean water deer (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Hydropotes inermis argyropus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) are widespread in the Republic of Korea (ROK). Mostly, Korean water deer are essential hosts for maintaining ticks and tick-borne diseases (TBDs). Here, we investigated the prevalence of tick-borne pathogens (TBPs) among rescued Korean water deer.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Anaplasma phagocytophilum<\/jats:italic>\n                    (21.4%, 6\/28),\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Anaplasma capra<\/jats:italic>\n                    (14.3%, 4\/28),\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Babesia capreoli<\/jats:italic>\n                    (3.6%, 1\/28), and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Coxiella burnetii<\/jats:italic>\n                    (3.6%, 1\/28) were detected, but\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Borrelia burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Ehrlichia<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Rickettsia<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Theileria<\/jats:italic>\n                    infections were not found.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">A. phagocytophilum<\/jats:italic>\n                    was the most commonly detected pathogen, and co-infection with\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">A<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">capra<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">B<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">capreoli<\/jats:italic>\n                    was also noted in one Korean water deer. To our knowledge, this is the first article of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">B<\/jats:italic>\n                    .\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">capreoli<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection in Korean water deer in the ROK. The infecting isolate of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">A. phagocytophilum<\/jats:italic>\n                    was genetically characterized by 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene and ankyrin-related protein (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">ankA<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) gene. Although the 16S rRNA gene alone may not be informative enough to delineate distinct host species,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">ankA<\/jats:italic>\n                    -based phylogeny revealed a high identity of Korean water deer sequences with those of the causative agent of human granulocytic anaplasmosis.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">A. capra<\/jats:italic>\n                    was detected by using citrate synthase gene (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">gltA<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), heat-shock protein (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">groEL<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), and major surface protein 4 (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">msp4<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) genes. Phylogenetic tree based on these gene markers revealed that there were at least two distinct variants within\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">A. capra<\/jats:italic>\n                    circulating in the ROK. One variant originated from different hosts including humans, ticks, goats, and sheep, whereas the other variant was reported recently in Korean water deer in the ROK. Consequently, these sequences were identified to belong to a zoonotic species. Sequencing analysis of the 18S rRNA gene revealed that our isolate belonged to\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">B. capreoli<\/jats:italic>\n                    and was distinct from\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Babesia divergens<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Babesia venatorum<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Moreover, our isolate showed 92.2% homology with\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">B. capreoli<\/jats:italic>\n                    sequences, indicating that these differences may be attributed to the different tick species that transmit\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">B. capreoli<\/jats:italic>\n                    or to different host species. Genotyping and phylogenetic analysis of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. burnetii<\/jats:italic>\n                    based on 16S rRNA and IS1111 genes revealed that our isolate was grouped with several strains of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. burnetii<\/jats:italic>\n                    and was genetically distant from\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Coxiella<\/jats:italic>\n                    -like bacteria isolates. The present results highlight that Korean water deer act as potential reservoir hosts for zoonotic TBPs, and thus play an important role in the transmission of TBDs in humans, animals, and livestock.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2019.2609","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,29]],"date-time":"2020-06-29T12:24:41Z","timestamp":1593433481000},"page":"745-754","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Identification of Zoonotic Tick-Borne Pathogens from Korean Water Deer (\n                    <i>Hydropotes inermis argyropus<\/i>\n                    )"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Seung-Uk","family":"Shin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, College of Ecology and Environmental Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu-Jin","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Horse\/Companion and Wild Animals, College of Ecology and Environmental Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ji-Hyoung","family":"Ryu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, College of Ecology and Environmental Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dong-Hun","family":"Jang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Horse\/Companion and Wild Animals, College of Ecology and Environmental Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sunwoo","family":"Hwang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Horse\/Companion and Wild Animals, College of Ecology and Environmental Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hyung-Chul","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, College of Ecology and Environmental Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinho","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jae-Ik","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Wild Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kyoung-Seong","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, College of Ecology and Environmental Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, Republic of Korea."},{"name":"Department of Horse\/Companion and Wild Animals, College of Ecology and Environmental Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, Republic of Korea."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-019-3622-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-016-1503-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(00)00105-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15050994"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2012.11.010"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004892"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2015.06.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00045-16"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"PCR-detection of Coxiella burnetii in ticks collected from sheep and goats in Southeast Iran","volume":"5","author":"Fard SN","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fard SN, , Khalili M. 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