{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T07:49:39Z","timestamp":1778312979300,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,28]],"date-time":"2020-10-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603843200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"abstract":"\n Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic>\n and\n Chlamydia<\/jats:italic>\n are common protozoan pathogens, which can pose health risks to people around the world and cause considerable economic losses. Although information on the seroprevalence of\n T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n and\n Chlamydia<\/jats:italic>\n in chickens can be found in China, knowledge on the infection of these two diseases in rural chickens, ducks, and geese is limited. Therefore, blood samples from 377 chickens, 268 ducks, and 379 geese were taken from rural areas in seven cities in northeastern China, and their seropositivity was analyzed by the indirect hemagglutination antibody (IHA) test with a cutoff titer of 1:64. The overall seroprevalence of\n T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n and\n Chlamydia<\/jats:italic>\n was 10.6% and 21.0%, respectively. Moreover, the free-range poultry (20.75% and 30.55%) have significantly higher seroprevalences than caged poultry (5.47% and 15.66%) (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001). Moreover, the seroprevalence of\n T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n in older and younger poultry was found to be 5.48% and 12.89%, and those in\n Chlamydia<\/jats:italic>\n were 23.53% and 15.16%, respectively. There were significant differences between different ages (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.05). But regarding the prevalence of both, it is not clear in this way which one is the prevalence for younger and older for each specific pathogen. Logistic regression analysis suggested that geography were considered as a risk factor for\n T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n infection in this study. Our study is the first report on the seroprevalence of\n T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n and\n Chlamydia<\/jats:italic>\n in poultry in rural areas of Jilin Province, China. These data reflect that\n T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n and\n Chlamydia<\/jats:italic>\n are widespread in poultry in northeastern China, leading to a risk of infection in human health. Therefore, the prevention and control of Toxoplasma and\n Chlamydia<\/jats:italic>\n infection in poultry, other animals, and humans should be strengthened.\n <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2020.2614","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,3]],"date-time":"2020-08-03T23:31:32Z","timestamp":1596497492000},"page":"825-830","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["A Seroepidemiological Survey of\n Toxoplasma gondii<\/i>\n and\n Chlamydia<\/i>\n Infection in Chickens, Ducks, and Geese in Jilin Province, Northeastern China"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Ming-Han","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, P.R. China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bin-Tong","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, P.R. China."},{"name":"Department of Parasitology, College of Life Science, Changchun Sci-Tech University, Shuangyang, P.R. China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhi-Wei","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, P.R. China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, P.R. China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Quan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, P.R. China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, College of Life Science, Changchun Sci-Tech University, Shuangyang, P.R. China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2016.2260"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26444\/aaem\/82948"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.070003-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2017.2211"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2009.01.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1863-2378.2009.01274.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2010.01.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/microbiolspec.PFS-0011-2015"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006254-200105000-00025"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2016.1993"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2015.1814"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2016.08.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268817001650"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2017.2226"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40249-017-0277-3"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3347\/kjp.2017.55.1.85"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/460473"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2018.2272"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/193464"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.syapm.2014.12.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2019.2481"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-5-35"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2009.02.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2019.107723"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1746-6148-9-104"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-015-4746-y"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2018.2355"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2008.09.024"}],"container-title":["Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/vbz.2020.2614","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/vbz.2020.2614","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/vbz.2020.2614","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T22:59:55Z","timestamp":1777589995000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/vbz.2020.2614"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,28]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/vbz.2020.2614"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/vbz.2020.2614","relation":{},"ISSN":["1530-3667","1557-7759"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1530-3667","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-7759","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,28]]}}}