{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T04:32:05Z","timestamp":1789878725678,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":141,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,27]],"date-time":"2021-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619481600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,27]],"date-time":"2021-04-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619481600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) is a mosquito-borne virus that is primarily found in North America and the Caribbean. Over the past decade there has been an increase in virus activity, including large outbreaks in human and horse populations. Predicted climate change is expected to affect the range of mosquitoes including vectors of EEEV, which may alter disease risk posing a public health concern.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A scoping review (ScR) was conducted to identify and characterize the global evidence on EEEV. A thorough search was conducted in relevant bibliographic databases and government websites. Two reviewers screened titles and abstracts for relevance and the characteristics of relevant articles were extracted using a uniformly implemented data collection form. The study protocol was developed\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">a priori<\/jats:italic>\n                      and described the methods and tools used and this article follows the PRISMA-ScR guidelines for reporting ScRs.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The ScR included 718 relevant research articles. The majority of the articles originated from North America (97%) between 1933 and 2019. EEEV has been identified in 35 species of mosquitoes, over 200 species of birds, various domestic animals, wild mammals, reptiles, and amphibians. Articles identified in this ScR primarily covered three topic areas: epidemiology of hosts and vectors (344 articles) including surveillance results (138), pathogenesis of EEEV in hosts (193), and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      studies characterizing EEEV (111). Fewer articles evaluated the accuracy of diagnostic tests (63), the efficacy of mitigation strategies (62), transmission dynamics (56), treatment of EEEV in hosts (10), societal knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions (4), and economic burden (2).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>With the projected impact of climate change on mosquito populations, it is expected that the risk of EEEV could change resulting in higher disease burden or spread into previously unaffected areas. Future research efforts should focus on closing some of the important knowledge gaps identified in this ScR.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2020.2671","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,17]],"date-time":"2020-12-17T15:11:16Z","timestamp":1608217876000},"page":"305-320","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"title":["Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus: A Scoping Review of the Global Evidence"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Tricia","family":"Corrin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Risk Sciences Division, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Ackford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Risk Sciences Division, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariola","family":"Mascarenhas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Risk Sciences Division, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judy","family":"Greig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Risk Sciences Division, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa A.","family":"Waddell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Risk Sciences Division, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Canada."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10900-010-9257-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.02075-06"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0124792"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20506\/rst.34.2.2374"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1612.100640"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp1213696"},{"issue":"5","key":"e_1_3_5_8_1","first-page":"289","article-title":"A comparison of the infection dynamics of house sparrow and cotton rats with North and South American Eastern equine encephalitis virus","volume":"81","author":"Arrigo N","year":"2009","unstructured":"Arrigo N, , Watts DM, , Newman PC, , Weaver SC. A comparison of the infection dynamics of house sparrow and cotton rats with North and South American Eastern equine encephalitis virus. Am J Trop Med Hyg 58th Annual Meeting, 2009; 81 Suppl 5:289.","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg 58th Annual Meeting"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_1","unstructured":"Arrigo NC. Experimental studies of the ecology and evolution of eastern equine encephalitis virus and implications for its emergence and classification. The University of Texas Medical Branch Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences 2010. Available at http:\/\/sfx.scholarsportal.info\/guelph\/docview\/758934282?accountid=11233"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01586-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM194906162402403"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1970.19.123"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1964.13.335"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1980.29.667"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1976.25.884"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1999.61.579"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1589057"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.17-0980"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_19_1","unstructured":"Burkett-Cadena ND. Patterns of host use in mosquitoes: Implications for virus transmission. Auburn University 2010. Available at http:\/\/sfx.scholarsportal.info\/guelph\/docview\/741550667?accountid=11233"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.7.1.89"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_21_1","first-page":"380","article-title":"Eastern equine encephalitis in the Dominican Republic, 1978","volume":"13","author":"Calisher CH","year":"1979","unstructured":"Calisher CH, , Levy-Koenig E, , Mitchell CJ, , Cabrera FA, et al. Eastern equine encephalitis in the Dominican Republic, 1978. Bull Pan Am Health Organ, 1979; 13:380\u2013390.","journal-title":"Bull Pan Am Health Organ"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_22_1","first-page":"430","article-title":"Follow-up arbovirus surveillance\u2014Florida, 1970","volume":"19","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"1970","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Follow-up arbovirus surveillance\u2014Florida, 1970. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 1970; 19:430\u2013436.","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"38","key":"e_1_3_5_23_1","article-title":"Mosquito-borne encephalitis\u2014United States","volume":"29","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"1980","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Mosquito-borne encephalitis\u2014United States. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 1980; 29(38). https:\/\/stacks.cdc.gov\/view\/cdc\/1461","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_24_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Screening for diabetic eye disease\u2014Mississippi. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1983; 32(12)."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_25_1","first-page":"283","article-title":"Arboviral infections of the central nervous system\u2014United States, 1984","volume":"34","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"1985","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Arboviral infections of the central nervous system\u2014United States, 1984. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 1985; 34:283\u2013286.","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1989.03430130026010"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_27_1","first-page":"407","article-title":"Arboviral infections of the central nervous system\u2014United States, 1989","volume":"39","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"1990","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Arboviral infections of the central nervous system\u2014United States, 1989. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 1990; 39:407, 413\u2013417.","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_28_1","first-page":"533","article-title":"Eastern equine encephalitis\u2014Florida, eastern United States, 1991","volume":"40","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"1991","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Eastern equine encephalitis\u2014Florida, eastern United States, 1991. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 1991; 40:533\u2013535.","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_29_1","first-page":"545","article-title":"Arboviral disease\u2014United States, 1991","volume":"41","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"1992","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Arboviral disease\u2014United States, 1991. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 1992; 41:545\u2013548.","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_30_1","first-page":"641","article-title":"Arboviral Disease\u2014United States, 1994","volume":"44","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"1995","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Arboviral Disease\u2014United States, 1994. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 1995; 44:641\u2013644.","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_31_1","first-page":"517","article-title":"Arboviral infections of the central nervous system\u2014United States, 1996\u20131997","volume":"47","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"1998","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Arboviral infections of the central nervous system\u2014United States, 1996\u20131997. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 1998; 47:517\u2013522.","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_32_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Eastern equine encephalitis. 2019a. Available at https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/easternequineencephalitis\/index.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_33_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Eastern equine encephalitis\u2014Statistics & maps. 2019b. Available at https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/easternequineencephalitis\/tech\/epi.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/evj.12829"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_35_1","first-page":"1011","article-title":"An eastern equine encephalomyelitis (EEE) outbreak in Quebec in the fall of 2008","volume":"51","author":"Chenier S","year":"2010","unstructured":"Chenier S, , Cote G, , Vanderstock J, , Macieira S, et al. An eastern equine encephalomyelitis (EEE) outbreak in Quebec in the fall of 2008. Can Vet J, 2010; 51:1011\u20131015.","journal-title":"Can Vet J"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1966.15.107"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/31.5.711"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_38_1","first-page":"409","article-title":"The isolation of eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus from brains of sparrows","volume":"130","author":"Dardiri AH","year":"1957","unstructured":"Dardiri AH, , Yates VJ, , Chang PW, , Wheatley GH, et al. The isolation of eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus from brains of sparrows. J Am Vet Med Assoc, 1957; 130:409\u2013410.","journal-title":"J Am Vet Med Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_39_1","first-page":"246","article-title":"Preparation of inactivated eastern equine encephalomyelitis vaccine from chick embryo cell culture","volume":"47","author":"Darwish MA","year":"1972","unstructured":"Darwish MA. Preparation of inactivated eastern equine encephalomyelitis vaccine from chick embryo cell culture. J Egypt Public Health Assoc, 1972; 47:246\u2013255.","journal-title":"J Egypt Public Health Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1979.28.577"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1986.189.09.1006"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_42_1","first-page":"119","article-title":"Persistence in humans of antibody after immunization with four alphavirus vaccines","volume":"3","author":"DeMeio JL","year":"1979","unstructured":"DeMeio JL, , DeSanctis AN, , Thomas WJ. Persistence in humans of antibody after immunization with four alphavirus vaccines. Asian J Infect Dis, 1979; 3:119\u2013124.","journal-title":"Asian J Infect Dis"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_43_1","first-page":"85","article-title":"Pathological changes in the brains of children infected with the virus of eastern equine encephalomyelitis","volume":"14","author":"Dent JH","year":"1955","unstructured":"Dent JH. Pathological changes in the brains of children infected with the virus of eastern equine encephalomyelitis. Bull Tulane Univ Med Fac, 1955; 14:85\u201396.","journal-title":"Bull Tulane Univ Med Fac"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199706263362604"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-34.3.612"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/30.1.281"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_47_1","first-page":"493","article-title":"Final report to the Pan American Sanitary Bureau regarding the 1948-49 outbreak of eastern equine encephalitis in the Dominican Republic","volume":"29","author":"Eklund CM","year":"1950","unstructured":"Eklund CM, , Brennan JM, , Bell JF. Final report to the Pan American Sanitary Bureau regarding the 1948-49 outbreak of eastern equine encephalitis in the Dominican Republic. Bol Oficina Sanit Panam, 1950; 29:493\u2013516.","journal-title":"Bol Oficina Sanit Panam"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1589308"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2016.2029"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/104063879600800414"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1994.205.07.1014"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/21.4.395"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0057879"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1588135"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_55_1","first-page":"1725","article-title":"Encephalitis in infacnts and children: Caused by the virus of the eastern variety of equine encephalitis","volume":"114","author":"Farber S","year":"1940","unstructured":"Farber S, , Hill A, , Connerly ML, , Dingle JH. Encephalitis in infacnts and children: Caused by the virus of the eastern variety of equine encephalitis. JAMA, 1940; 114:1725\u20131731.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.28.12.1403"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_57_1","unstructured":"Florida Department of Health. Florida arbovirus surveillance week 52: December 23\u201329 2018. Available at http:\/\/www.floridahealth.gov\/%5C\/diseases-and-conditions\/mosquito-borne-diseases\/_documents\/2018\/2018-week-52-arbovirus-surveillance-report.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM193809222191201"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(93)92366-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1603\/0022-2585-41.2.215"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a120789"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_62_1","first-page":"25","article-title":"The 1933 outbreak of infectious equine encephalomyelitis in the eastern states","volume":"14","author":"Giltner LS","year":"1933","unstructured":"Giltner LS, , Shahan MS. The 1933 outbreak of infectious equine encephalomyelitis in the eastern states. North Am Vet, 1933; 14:25.","journal-title":"North Am Vet"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/elps.201700217"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a112519"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2007.76.285"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1964.13.331"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_67_1","first-page":"551","article-title":"Human equine encephalomyelitis, eastern type, in Louisiana","volume":"100","author":"Hauser G","year":"1948","unstructured":"Hauser G. Human equine encephalomyelitis, eastern type, in Louisiana. New Orleans Med Surg J, 1948; 100:551\u2013558.","journal-title":"New Orleans Med Surg J"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.18-0783"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Higgins JPT Thomas J Chandler J Cumpston M Li T Page MJ Welch VA eds. Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions version 6.1 (updated September 2020). Cochrane 2020. Available at www.training.cochrane.org\/handbook","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119536604"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/25.6.501"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1603\/0022-2585-41.6.1090"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_72_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-68-16394P"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21897\/rmvz.49"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2019.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/145.2.283"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.7.5.717"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1603\/ME11224"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_78_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP5899"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_79_1","first-page":"237","article-title":"Studies on the North American arthropod-borne encephalitides. II. Eastern equine encephalitis in horses","volume":"60","author":"Kissling RE","year":"1954","unstructured":"Kissling RE, , Chamberlain RW, , Eidson ME, , Sikes RK, et al. Studies on the North American arthropod-borne encephalitides. II. Eastern equine encephalitis in horses. Am J Hyg, 1954; 60:237\u2013250.","journal-title":"Am J Hyg"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_80_1","first-page":"100","article-title":"Pathology of eastern equine encephalomyelitis","volume":"12","author":"Kissling RE","year":"1951","unstructured":"Kissling RE, , Rubin H. Pathology of eastern equine encephalomyelitis. Am J Vet Res, 1951; 12:100\u2013105.","journal-title":"Am J Vet Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14202\/vetworld.2017.1427-1438"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0006972"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_83_1","first-page":"214A","article-title":"Preliminary investigations of donor exposure to eastern equine encephalitis virus and implications for risk","volume":"54","author":"Leiby DA","year":"2014","unstructured":"Leiby DA, , Hapip CA, , Kenney JL, , Mutebi J, et al. Preliminary investigations of donor exposure to eastern equine encephalitis virus and implications for risk. Transfusion, 2014; 54:214A.","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1993.49.677"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_85_1","first-page":"287","article-title":"Eastern equine encephalitis in Connecticut: A serological survey of pheasant farmers","volume":"27","author":"Liao SJ","year":"1955","unstructured":"Liao SJ. Eastern equine encephalitis in Connecticut: A serological survey of pheasant farmers. Yale J Biol Med, 1955; 27:287\u2013296.","journal-title":"Yale J Biol Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_86_1","unstructured":"Louisiana Department of Health. Encephalitis EEE & LAC Annual Report. 2017. Available at http:\/\/ldh.la.gov\/assets\/oph\/Center-PHCH\/Center-CH\/infectious-epi\/Annuals\/EncephalitisEEELAC_LaIDAnnual.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2012.11-0358"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_88_1","first-page":"4","article-title":"Investigation of eastern equine encephalomyelitis. II. Outbreaks in Connecticut pheasants","volume":"67","author":"Luginbuhl RE","year":"1958","unstructured":"Luginbuhl RE, , Satriano SF, , Helmboldt CF, , Lamson AL, et al. Investigation of eastern equine encephalomyelitis. II. Outbreaks in Connecticut pheasants. Am J Hyg, 1958; 67:4\u20139.","journal-title":"Am J Hyg"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2018.07.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-15.3.455"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_91_1","unstructured":"Maine Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Reportable infectious diseases in Maine\u20142009 Summary. 2009. Available at https:\/\/www.maine.gov\/dhhs\/mecdc\/infectious-disease\/epi\/publications\/2009annualreport.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_92_1","unstructured":"Massachusetts Department of Public Health. Massachusetts arbovirus surveillance and response plan. 2018. Available at https:\/\/www.mass.gov\/lists\/arbovirus-surveillance-plan-and-historical-data"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-015-1145-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1975.24.986"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1973.22.561"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1603\/ME11151"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-018-0611-x"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2011.0643"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_99_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/30.1.217"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/EHP669"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_101_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-33.2.312"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-127-32728"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.12.121"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/XEB.0000000000000050"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_105_1","unstructured":"Peters MDJ Godfrey C McInerney P Baldini Soares C et al. Chapter 11: Scoping Reviews. In: Aromataris E Munn Z eds. Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewer's Manual. The Joanna Briggs Institute 2017. Available at https:\/\/reviewersmanual.joannabriggs.org\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2009.02.090"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-71-17167"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_108_1","unstructured":"ProMED. Eastern equine encephalitis\u2014North America (25): USA (Connecticut Massachusetts Michigan) human. 2019. Available at https:\/\/promedmail.org\/ archive no. 20190923.6688701"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_109_1","unstructured":"Public Health Ontario. Eastern equine encephalitis virus. History and Enhanced Surveillance in Ontario. 2014. Available at https:\/\/www.publichealthontario.ca\/-\/media\/documents\/e\/2014\/eeev-report.pdf?la=en"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_110_1","unstructured":"Public Health Ontario. Vector-borne diseases. 2016 Summary Report. 2017. Available at https:\/\/www.publichealthontario.ca\/-\/media\/documents\/vector-borne-diseases-2016.pdf?la=en"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_111_1","unstructured":"Region of Peel. Vector-Borne Disease Prevention Plan. 2016. 2016. Available at https:\/\/www.peelregion.ca\/health\/vbd\/resources\/pdf\/2016-vbd-plan.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_112_1","first-page":"158","article-title":"Elimination of the virus of eastern equine encephalomyelitis (EEE) in the faeces of experimentally infected ticks Ixodes ricinus L. and Dermacentor marginatus Sulz","volume":"2","author":"Rehacek J","year":"1958","unstructured":"Rehacek J. Elimination of the virus of eastern equine encephalomyelitis (EEE) in the faeces of experimentally infected ticks Ixodes ricinus L. and Dermacentor marginatus Sulz. Acta Virol, 1958; 2:158\u2013163.","journal-title":"Acta Virol"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_113_1","first-page":"61","article-title":"Experimental hibernation of the virus of the Eastern type of North American equine encephalomyelitis (EEE) in Czechoslovak species of ticks. (Ixodes ricinus L. and Dermacentor marginatus Sulz)","volume":"4","author":"Rehacek J","year":"1960","unstructured":"Rehacek J. Experimental hibernation of the virus of the Eastern type of North American equine encephalomyelitis (EEE) in Czechoslovak species of ticks. (Ixodes ricinus L. and Dermacentor marginatus Sulz). J Hyg Epidemiol Microbiol Immunol, 1960; 4:61\u201365.","journal-title":"J Hyg Epidemiol Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_114_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2012.09.049"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_115_1","unstructured":"Rico A. Development and efficacy testing of broad alphavirus vaccines and antivirals and characterization of alphavirus neuroinvasion. (10137957 Ph.D.) Colorado State University 2016. Available at http:\/\/sfx.scholarsportal.info\/guelph\/docview\/1803939461?accountid=11233"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_116_1","unstructured":"Rodriguez LF . Emerging arboviruses in Harris County Texas. (3297432 Dr.P.H.) The University of Texas School of Public Health 2008. Available at http:\/\/sfx.scholarsportal.info\/guelph\/docview\/304471380?accountid=11233"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_117_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5877(95)00479-G"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_118_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1996.208.12.1988"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_119_1","first-page":"146","article-title":"Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) antibody status in St. Thomas, Jamaica, 1975","volume":"25","author":"Rowe M","year":"1976","unstructured":"Rowe M, , King D. Eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) antibody status in St. Thomas, Jamaica, 1975. W Indian Med J, 1976; 25:146\u2013152.","journal-title":"W Indian Med J"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_120_1","first-page":"395","article-title":"Serum epidemiology of Eastern. Western and Venezuelan equine encephalitides in Mexico","volume":"12","author":"Ruiz-Gomez J","year":"1981","unstructured":"Ruiz-Gomez J, , Espinosa LEL. Serum epidemiology of Eastern. Western and Venezuelan equine encephalitides in Mexico. Arch Invest Med (Mex), 1981; 12:395\u2013419.","journal-title":"Arch Invest Med (Mex)"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_121_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0128712"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_122_1","unstructured":"Scanlon JE. The relationship of culicoides (Diptera Ceratopogonida) to the tranmission of the virus of eastern equine encephalitits. (6100428 Ph.D.) University of Maryland College Park 1960. Available at http:\/\/sfx.scholarsportal.info\/guelph\/docview\/301856109?accountid=11233"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_123_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-43.4.635"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_124_1","first-page":"76","article-title":"Eastern equine encephalitis in Quebec and Connecticut, 1972: Introduction by infected mosquitoes on the wind?","volume":"53","author":"Sellers RF","year":"1989","unstructured":"Sellers RF. Eastern equine encephalitis in Quebec and Connecticut, 1972: Introduction by infected mosquitoes on the wind?. Can J Vet Res, 1989; 53:76\u201379.","journal-title":"Can J Vet Res"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_125_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2016-215270"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_126_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1902.120039"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_127_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-017-2482-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_128_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-87-21433"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_129_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-30.2.216"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_130_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1978.27.1240"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_131_1","unstructured":"Strizki JM. Molecular characterization and pathogenesis of eastern equine encephalitis viruses. (9421865 Ph.D.) The Medical College of Pennsylvania 1994. Available at http:\/\/sfx.scholarsportal.info\/guelph\/docview\/304115055?accountid=11233"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_132_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1995.53.564"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_133_1","first-page":"179","article-title":"Arbovirus surveillance in Rhode Island: Assessing potential ecologic and climatic correlates","volume":"19","author":"Takeda T","year":"2003","unstructured":"Takeda T, , Whitehouse CA, , Brewer M, , Gettman AD. Arbovirus surveillance in Rhode Island: Assessing potential ecologic and climatic correlates. J Am Mosq Control Assoc, 2003; 19:179\u2013189.","journal-title":"J Am Mosq Control Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_134_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-016-0116-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_135_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/M18-0850"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_136_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1591790"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_137_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2005.226.2059"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_138_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-072X-11-47"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_139_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1995.52.8"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_140_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.88.2283.305"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_141_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5877(86)90028-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_142_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2009.08.023"}],"container-title":["Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/vbz.2020.2671","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/vbz.2020.2671","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/vbz.2020.2671","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T23:00:19Z","timestamp":1777590019000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/vbz.2020.2671"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,27]]},"references-count":141,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/vbz.2020.2671"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/vbz.2020.2671","relation":{},"ISSN":["1530-3667","1557-7759"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1530-3667","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-7759","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,27]]}}}