{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T06:55:35Z","timestamp":1777877735469,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,24]],"date-time":"2020-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606176000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>SARS-CoV-2 infection is spreading around the world, including countries from Southeastern Europe. The purpose of the study was to present the clinical manifestations of COVID-19 patients admitted to the Military Medical Academy, Sofia, Bulgaria.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective study was conducted for a period of 3 months from March 2020 to June 2020 on this infection in our hospital. All participants were laboratory confirmed cases of COVID-19. RT-PCR was performed for etiological diagnosis. The hospitalized patients were divided into two groups on admission, that is, nonsevere and severe.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      One hundred thirty-eight COVID-19 patients were hospitalized and analyzed during the study period. The mean age was 52.9 years. Male was the dominant sex (sex ratio: male\/female\u2009=\u20091\/0.6). The leading clinical signs were fever, fatigue, cough, and headache. On comparative analysis of both groups (nonsevere and severe) was measured significant elevation of white blood cells (odds ratio [OR]\u2009=\u20091.238;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      value\u2009=\u20090.006), C-reactive protein (OR\u2009=\u20091.021;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), creatinine (OR\u2009=\u20091.037;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), aspartate aminotransferase (OR\u2009=\u20091.014;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.040), lactate dehydrogenase (OR\u2009=\u20091.004;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), ferritin (OR\u2009=\u20091.002;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), fibrinogen (OR\u2009=\u20092.028;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), and d-dimer (OR\u2009=\u20092.162;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.002) in severe group than in nonsevere group. Interleukin 6 was tested in 17.4% of patients and high value was found\u201438.6\u2009pg\/mL (95% confidence interval: 16.5\u201360.7).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The first Bulgarian retrospective study of COVID-19 hospitalized patients was presented. Older age, male sex, comorbidity, and signs of dyspnea and nausea were estimated as higher risk factors for severe form. Abnormality in inflammatory markers was associated with poor progression of the illness.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2020.2679","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,15]],"date-time":"2020-10-15T00:12:32Z","timestamp":1602720752000},"page":"910-915","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Clinical Characteristics of Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 in Sofia, Bulgaria"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Georgi T.","family":"Popov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Military Medical Academy, Sofia, Bulgaria."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Baymakova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Military Medical Academy, Sofia, Bulgaria."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Virsavia","family":"Vaseva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Teaching and Science Activity, Military Medical Academy, Sofia, Bulgaria."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Todor","family":"Kundurzhiev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ventsislav","family":"Mutafchiyski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Military Medical Academy, Sofia, Bulgaria."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.16.2000460"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m1985"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.5394"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2002032"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2006100"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_1","unstructured":"Information Services Jsc (ISJ) Sofia Bulgaria. COVID-19: Unified Information Portal. Official source of information on measures to combat the spread of COVID-19 in Bulgaria including the health economic and social consequences of the epidemic. Available at https:\/\/coronavirus.bg [Accessed at: June 25 2020]."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2020.35.e142"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.13089"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2020.104363"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/CM9.0000000000000744"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30251-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.m1966"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2020.02.018"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.1585"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.03.070"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_17_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO). WHO Health Topics. Available at https:\/\/www.who.int [Accessed at: June 25 2020]."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.2648"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.3204"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12931-020-01338-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/all.14238"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_22_1","first-page":"3404","article-title":"Clinical characteristics of 161 cases of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Changsha","volume":"24","author":"Zheng F","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zheng F, , Tang W, , Li H, , Huang YX, et al. Clinical characteristics of 161 cases of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Changsha. 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