{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T05:23:20Z","timestamp":1786685000213,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,27]],"date-time":"2021-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622073600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,27]],"date-time":"2021-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622073600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The blacklegged tick,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Ixodes scapularis<\/jats:italic>\n                    , is the primary vector of multiple human pathogens, including the causative agents of Lyme disease, anaplasmosis, and babesiosis. Both\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">I. scapularis<\/jats:italic>\n                    and its associated pathogens have expanded their geographic range throughout the northeastern Unites States and into northern New England. Through this study, we present an updated distribution of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">I. scapularis<\/jats:italic>\n                    in Maine and report the first statewide passive surveillance infection and coinfection prevalence of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Borrelia burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Anaplasma phagocytophilum<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Babesia microti<\/jats:italic>\n                    within the state's\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">I. scapularis<\/jats:italic>\n                    population. In 2019, we collected 2016 ticks through a passive surveillance program, in which Maine residents submitted tick samples for identification and\/or pathogen testing. We used a single multiplex quantitative PCR assay to detect tickborne pathogens in 1901 tick samples. At the state level, we found that\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Bo. burgdorferi<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">A. phagocytophilum<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection rates of adults (42.4%, 11.1%) were nearly double that of nymphs (26.9%, 6.7%), whereas\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">B. microti<\/jats:italic>\n                    prevalence was similar for both adults (6.5%) and nymphs (5.2%). Spatially, we found an uneven distribution of both tick activity and pathogen prevalence, with both increasing on a north to south gradient. We also noted a potential association between the ratio of adult to nymphal ticks and the incidence of tickborne disease in human populations, with counties that exhibit high rates of human disease also maintaining low adult to nymph ratios.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2020.2724","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,4]],"date-time":"2021-03-04T10:01:28Z","timestamp":1614852088000},"page":"406-412","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Statewide Passive Surveillance of\n                    <i>Ixodes scapularis<\/i>\n                    and Associated Pathogens in Maine"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Thomas F.","family":"Rounsville","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pest Management Unit, University of Maine Cooperative Extension Diagnostic and Research Laboratory, Orono, Maine, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Griffin M.","family":"Dill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pest Management Unit, University of Maine Cooperative Extension Diagnostic and Research Laboratory, Orono, Maine, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ann M.","family":"Bryant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pest Management Unit, University of Maine Cooperative Extension Diagnostic and Research Laboratory, Orono, Maine, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia C.","family":"Desjardins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Maine School of Food and Agriculture, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James F.","family":"Dill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pest Management Unit, University of Maine Cooperative Extension Diagnostic and Research Laboratory, Orono, Maine, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3282102"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_1","unstructured":"CDC (United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). Tickborne disease surveillance data summary. 2019. Available at https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/ticks\/data-summary\/index.html"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2012.11-0395"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2015.09.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0115494"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2017.12.006"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjz218"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_1","first-page":"294","article-title":"DNA primers for amplification of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I from diverse metazoan invertebrates","volume":"3","author":"Folmer O","year":"1994","unstructured":"Folmer O, , Black M, , Hoeh W, , Lutz R, et al. DNA primers for amplification of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I from diverse metazoan invertebrates. Mol Mar Biol Biotechnol, 1994; 3:294\u2013299.","journal-title":"Mol Mar Biol Biotechnol"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/25.4.303"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2013.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/33.3.297"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/26.5.435"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2108.141878"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2011.0811"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_16_1","unstructured":"Maine CDC (Center for Disease Control and Prevention). Report to Maine legislature Lyme and other tickborne illnesses. 2020a. Available at https:\/\/www.maine.gov\/dhhs\/mecdc\/infectious-disease\/epi\/vector-borne\/lyme\/documents\/Lyme-Legislative-Report-2020.pdf"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_17_1","unstructured":"Maine CDC (Center for Disease Control and Prevention Maine Tracking Network). Tickborne disease: 2001\u20132019 data. Available at https:\/\/data.mainepublichealth.gov\/tracking\/"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a008879"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/44.6.1118"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjy030"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6717e1"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1603\/033.046.0508"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/eva.12165"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/174.1.221"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph15030478"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2017.2234"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2015.1912"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/32.6.853"}],"container-title":["Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/vbz.2020.2724","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/vbz.2020.2724","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/vbz.2020.2724","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T23:00:41Z","timestamp":1777590041000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/vbz.2020.2724"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,27]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/vbz.2020.2724"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/vbz.2020.2724","relation":{},"ISSN":["1530-3667","1557-7759"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1530-3667","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-7759","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,27]]}}}