{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T22:33:48Z","timestamp":1783031628941,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]],"date-time":"2021-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1633046400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    This study focused on the epidemiological characterization and spatial distribution of bat shelters concerning livestock animal rabies in Paran\u00e1 State, southern Brazil. A spatiotemporal cluster analysis was performed based on rabies-positive cases and the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Desmodus rotundus<\/jats:italic>\n                    shelters. A total of 1742 suspect rabies cases submitted for diagnosis from 2011 to 2017 were analyzed; 481 (27.61%) were positive, and 1261 (72.39%) were negative by direct immunofluorescence and biological testing in mice. Out of the positive samples, 413\/481 (85.8%) was bovine, 44\/481 (9.1%) equine, 6\/481 (1.2%) sheep, 5\/481 (1.0%) bubaline, and 14\/481 (2.9%) were bats. From 22 Regional Units of Agricultural Health, the northeast 129 (26.82%) and central 86 (17.88%) units had the highest recurrence rates of positive cases. Paran\u00e1 State was continuously endemic for livestock rabies, with the highest caseload seen in the southern-central regions, which was associated with the highest number of vampire bat shelters and natural geographical characteristics favoring bat housing. There was a decrease in the number of rabies cases in livestock in 2013 and 2014. Spatiotemporal analyses of point process mapping and control of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">D. rotundus<\/jats:italic>\n                    shelters and suspected livestock rabies cases in the study area were steady and statistically correlated. However, as bats may travel up to 35\u201340\u2009km to prey on cattle clusters, bat shelter locations may not be the most sensitive measure of exposure. Furthermore, future studies should consider landscape features such as altitude as potential associated risk factors. Rabies vaccination of livestock and bat hematophagous shelters identification combined with bat control is recommended to increase the efficacy of preventive measures, particularly in natural geographic characteristics favoring local bat housing.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2020.2730","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,18]],"date-time":"2021-10-18T15:30:57Z","timestamp":1634571057000},"page":"785-795","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Spatial Distribution of Bat Shelters and Livestock Rabies in Southern Brazil"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Juliano","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paran\u00e1, Curitiba, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricardo Gon\u00e7alves Velho","family":"Vieira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agency of Agricultural Defense of Paran\u00e1\u2014ADAPAR, Program \u201cSurveillance and Prevention of Transmissible Nervous Syndromes in Production Animals,\u201d Curitiba, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camila Marinelli","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o Pessoa","family":"Araujo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biotechnology, UNESP\u2014Univ. Estadual Paulista, Campus de Botucatu, Botucatu, Brazil."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leila Sabrina","family":"Ullmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biotechnology, UNESP\u2014Univ. 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