{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T07:34:17Z","timestamp":1792222457249,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    In pre-Hispanic Mexico, dogs were not identified as an important source of rabies. We know from codexes and chronicles of the conquerors that at that time, rabies cases in humans and domestic animals were caused by local wildlife species such as bats. Canine-rabies virus variant seems to have arrived with Europeans. The first documented case of canine rabies in the Americas is found in Mexico in the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Annals of the Holy Inquisition<\/jats:italic>\n                    (16th century). During Mexico's independence, cases were frequently reported. In the 19th century the first attempts to control human rabies were made through sanitary measures such as elimination of rabid dogs and applying postexposure vaccination. During the first half of the 20th century, the efficacy of canine vaccination to prevent human rabies was established. However, in Mexico, despite reports of numerous human cases (&gt;70\/year), canine vaccination did not have enough coverage. It was only during the 1990s that Mexico made a serious commitment to eliminate dog-transmitted human rabies. Since the beginning, vaccination campaigns have been free and massive. Coverage increased from 7,100,000 doses in 1990 to more than 18,000,000 since 2017. This culminated in the elimination of dog-mediated human rabies cases since 2006. Subsequently, the epidemiology of rabies had changed. Nowadays, it is wildlife species (mainly bats and skunks) that are the source of human rabies. As a mega-biodiverse country Mexico has numerous wildlife species with potential to transmit rabies virus. Thus it is paramount to remain vigilant with respect to canine vaccination campaigns and to promote rabies research in wildlife.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2021.0051","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,17]],"date-time":"2022-02-17T09:12:25Z","timestamp":1645089145000},"page":"69-75","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["The New Face of Human Rabies in Mexico, What's Next After Eradicating Rabies in Dogs"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7450-3060","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nidia","family":"Ar\u00e9chiga Ceballos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Rabia, Departamento de Virolog\u00eda, Instituto de Diagn\u00f3stico y Referencia Epidemiol\u00f3gicos, Secretar\u00eda de Salud, \u00c1lvaro Obreg\u00f3n, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico, M\u00e9xico."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Puebla Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Rabia, Departamento de Virolog\u00eda, Instituto de Diagn\u00f3stico y Referencia Epidemiol\u00f3gicos, Secretar\u00eda de Salud, \u00c1lvaro Obreg\u00f3n, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico, M\u00e9xico."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c1lvaro","family":"Aguilar Seti\u00e9n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidad de Investigaci\u00f3n en Inmunolog\u00eda, Hospital de Pediatr\u00eda, Centro M\u00e9dico Nacional Siglo XXI, Cuauht\u00e9moc, Ciudad de M\u00e9xico, M\u00e9xico."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(98)80108-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_1","first-page":"33","article-title":"Rabies: An old disease and a new paradigm [in Spanish]","author":"Aguilar Seti\u00e9n A","year":"1988","unstructured":"Aguilar Seti\u00e9n A, , Garza Ramos J. Rabies: An old disease and a new paradigm [in Spanish]. 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The Rabies virus: Biochemistry and genetics [in French]. In: Rosset R, ed. Pasteur and rabies. Paris: Inst Pasteur, 1985:131\u2013137."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_1","volume-title":"History of medicine in Mexico from the Indians time to the present","author":"Flores FA","unstructured":"Flores FA. History of medicine in Mexico from the Indians time to the present [in Spanish]. Ciudad de M\u00e9xico: Oficina Tipogr\u00e1fica de la Secretar\u00eda de Fomento, 1988."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_15_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"An improved method to prepare the anti-rabies vaccine [in Spanish]","volume":"8","author":"Fuenzalida E","year":"1955","unstructured":"Fuenzalida E, , Palacios R. An improved method to prepare the anti-rabies vaccine [in Spanish]. Bol Inst Bact Chile, 1955; 8:3\u201310.","journal-title":"Bol Inst Bact Chile"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_16_1","unstructured":"Gutierrez Cedillo V. Statement and maintenance of free areas: Perspectives and limitations [in Spanish]. 2017. Available at http:\/\/panaftosa.org\/redipra16\/dmdocuments\/SEMINARIO_Redipra16_Veronica_Mexico.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_17_1","first-page":"229","article-title":"Rabies preventive inoculations [in Spanish]","volume":"23","author":"Liceaga E","year":"1888","unstructured":"Liceaga E. Rabies preventive inoculations [in Spanish]. Gaceta M\u00e9dica de M\u00e9xico, 1888; 23:229\u2013249.","journal-title":"Gaceta M\u00e9dica de M\u00e9xico"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_18_1","first-page":"38","article-title":"Bovine rabies transmission by the hematophagous bat Desmodus rotundus [in Portuguese]","volume":"48","author":"Lima EdQ","year":"1934","unstructured":"Lima EdQ. Bovine rabies transmission by the hematophagous bat Desmodus rotundus [in Portuguese]. Brasil Med, 1934; 48:38.","journal-title":"Brasil Med"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_19_1","first-page":"147","article-title":"Isolation and molecular characterization of a rabies virus obtained from a non hematophagous bat in Mexico City [in Spanish]","volume":"31","author":"Loza-Rubio E","year":"2000","unstructured":"Loza-Rubio E, , de Mattos CC, , Aguilar-Seti\u00e9n A, , de Mattos CA. Isolation and molecular characterization of a rabies virus obtained from a non hematophagous bat in Mexico City [in Spanish]. Veterinaria M\u00e9xico, 2000; 31:147\u2013152.","journal-title":"Veterinaria M\u00e9xico"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_20_1","first-page":"167","article-title":"Rabies control in Mexico","volume":"131","author":"Lucas CH","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lucas CH, , Pino FV, , Baer G, , Morales PK, et al. Rabies control in Mexico. 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