{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T19:28:28Z","timestamp":1793042908386,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,1]],"date-time":"2022-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643673600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Dogs are asymptomatic chronic carriers of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Leptospira<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. and excrete these bacteria in their urine, resulting in environmental contamination and potentially leading to zoonotic transmission. Although a previous study in Sri Lanka detected anti-\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Leptospira<\/jats:italic>\n                    antibodies in companion dogs, the urinary shedding of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Leptospira<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. and the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Leptospira<\/jats:italic>\n                    species and serogroups prevalent in them remain unclear. Thus, the current study identified the prevalent\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Leptospira<\/jats:italic>\n                    serogroups and the carrier status of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Leptospira<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. in apparently healthy, client-owned dogs in the Kandy District of Sri Lanka. Serum and urine samples were collected from 96 unvaccinated and 82 vaccinated dogs. Anti-\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Leptospira<\/jats:italic>\n                    antibodies and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Leptospira<\/jats:italic>\n                    DNA in urine were detected using the microscopic agglutination test (MAT) and nested PCR that targeted the pathogenic leptospiral gene,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">flaB<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">flaB<\/jats:italic>\n                    sequences were compared with those of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Leptospira<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. using the public databases. MAT detected anti-leptospiral antibodies in 15.6% (15\/96) of the unvaccinated dogs, and the reactive serogroups were observed to be Sejroe (11.5%), Canicola (2.1%), Icterohemorrhagiae (1.0%), and Javanica (1.0%). Furthermore, MAT results revealed that 11.0% (9\/82) of the vaccinated dogs tested positive for the anti\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">leptospira<\/jats:italic>\n                    antibodies and the only reactive serogroup was Sejroe.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Leptospira<\/jats:italic>\n                    DNA was detected in 15.6% (15\/96) and 15.9% (13\/82) of urine samples collected from unvaccinated and vaccinated dogs, respectively, and phylogenetic analysis revealed that the animals were infected with\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">L. borgpetersenii<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">L. interrogans<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">L. kmetyi<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">L. weilii<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">L. interrogans<\/jats:italic>\n                    sequence detected in the canine sample was identical to the one that was previously reported in a human sample from the Kandy District. This study demonstrated that both unvaccinated and vaccinated dogs excrete various pathogenic\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Leptospira<\/jats:italic>\n                    spp. in their urine, suggesting that they may play an important role in environmental contamination that poses a health risk to the dog owners and the general public.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2021.0065","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,31]],"date-time":"2022-01-31T10:24:34Z","timestamp":1643624674000},"page":"93-100","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Carrier Status of\n                    <i>Leptospira<\/i>\n                    spp. in Healthy Companion Dogs in Sri Lanka"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Tarindi","family":"Athapattu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Public Health and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruchika","family":"Fernando","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Public Health and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roshan","family":"Abayawansha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Public Health and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Palika","family":"Fernando","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Bacteriology, Veterinary Research Institute, Gannoruwa, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manohari","family":"Fuward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Government Veterinary Hospital, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nishanthi","family":"Samarakoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Bacteriology, Veterinary Research Institute, Gannoruwa, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nobuo","family":"Koizumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0974-5730","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chandika","family":"Gamage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0255-0857(21)01834-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2017.12.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.153.6.165"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2019.04.029"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_1","first-page":"344","article-title":"Laboratory diagnosis of infectious diseases: Principles and practice","author":"Balows A","year":"2012","unstructured":"Balows A, , William Jr J, , Ohashi M, , Turano A, editors. 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