{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T06:56:18Z","timestamp":1777877778851,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,1]],"date-time":"2022-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646092800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Toxoplasma gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    is a worldwide distributed zoonotic pathogen that threatens public health. However, there have been limited data for\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection in wild rats (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Rattus norvegicus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) in China. In the present study, a total of 227 wild rats were captured from three mink farms to investigate\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection in Shandong Province, eastern China. The DNA was extracted from 25\u2009mg rats' brain tissues and subjected to a PCR amplification by targeting to the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    B1. In 227 wild rat samples, 18 samples (7.93%) were positive for\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Then, the positive samples were further genotyped based on eight genetic markers, including eight nuclear loci (SAG1, 5\u2032-SAG2, and 3\u2032-SAG2, alternative SAG2, SAG3, GRA6, c29\u20132, and L358) and an apicoplast locus (Apico) by using the multilocus PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism technology. Of these samples, eight were genotyped at nine nuclear loci, and two were genotyped at eight nuclear loci, forming three known genotypes (ToxoDB no. 43, ToxoDB no. 91, and ToxoDB no. 189) and two new genotypes. The closest ToxoDB genotypes were observed in wild rats, suggesting the differences in the population structure of the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    between breed farm animals and wild rats. These data revealed the genetic variability of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">T. gondii<\/jats:italic>\n                    in wild rats on mink farms in Shandong Province, with possible implication for public health.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2021.0087","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,4]],"date-time":"2022-03-04T11:20:41Z","timestamp":1646392841000},"page":"199-204","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The Detection of\n                    <i>Toxoplasma gondii<\/i>\n                    in Wild Rats (\n                    <i>Rattus norvegicus<\/i>\n                    ) on Mink Farms in Shandong Province, Eastern China"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Yang","family":"Zou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, P.R. China."},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, P.R. China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hong-Li","family":"Geng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, P.R. China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hong-Lin","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, P.R. China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Quan","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Life Sciences, Changchun Sci-Tech University, Shuangyang, P.R. China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Si-Yuan","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"General Station for Surveillance of Wildlife-borne Infectious Diseases, State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shenyang, P.R. China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xing-Quan","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, P.R. China."},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health of Higher Education of Yunnan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, P.R. China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiao-Xuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, P.R. China."},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, P.R. China."},{"name":"Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, P.R. China."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(02)00230-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms8121926"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2019.101347"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2004.08.020"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1550-7408.2008.00345.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1645\/GE-902R.1"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(01)00364-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_1","first-page":"182","article-title":"Epidemiological significance of Toxoplasma gondii infections in wild rodents: 2009\u20132020","volume":"107","author":"Dubey JP","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dubey JP, , Murata FHA, , Cerqueira-C\u00e9zar CK, , Kwok OCH, et al. Epidemiological significance of Toxoplasma gondii infections in wild rodents: 2009\u20132020. J Parasitol, 2021; 107:182\u2013204.","journal-title":"J Parasitol"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1645\/GE-126"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3347\/kjp.2014.52.3.257"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00115-19"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.39.4.1566-1570.2001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2005.10.001"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10393-019-01440-4"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_1","first-page":"192","article-title":"Species abundance distribution of Ectoparasites on Norway Rats (Rattus norvegicus) from a Localized Area in Southwest China","volume":"10","author":"Guo XG","year":"2016","unstructured":"Guo XG, , Dong WG, , Men XY, , Qian TJ, et al. Species abundance distribution of Ectoparasites on Norway Rats (Rattus norvegicus) from a Localized Area in Southwest China. J Arthropod Borne Dis, 2016; 10:192\u2013200.","journal-title":"J Arthropod Borne Dis"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.05.008"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_18_1","first-page":"541","article-title":"G\u00e9notypage de souches de Toxoplasma gondii chez des patients immunod\u00e9prim\u00e9s [Genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii strains from immunocompromised patients]","volume":"48","author":"Honor\u00e9 S","year":"2000","unstructured":"Honor\u00e9 S, , Couvelard A, , Garin YJ, , Bedel C, et al. G\u00e9notypage de souches de Toxoplasma gondii chez des patients immunod\u00e9prim\u00e9s [Genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii strains from immunocompromised patients]. 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