{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T06:56:19Z","timestamp":1777877779743,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Bartonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      species are fastidious gram-negative vector-borne bacteria with a wide range of mammalian reservoirs. While it is understood that some species of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Bartonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      are human pathogens, the extent of human exposure to\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Bartonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      species (both pathogenic and nonpathogenic) is yet to be fully understood.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To this end, residual sera from participants enrolled in undifferentiated fever studies in Cambodia, Ghana, Laos, and Peru were screened for the presence of IgG antibodies against\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Bartonella quintana<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Bartonella henselae<\/jats:italic>\n                      , using the FOCUS diagnostics Dual Spot-\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Bartonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      IgG Immunofluorescence assay. Forty-eight patients with suspected or confirmed\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Bartonella bacilliformis<\/jats:italic>\n                      exposure or infection in Peru were screened to assess cross-reactivity of the FOCUS assay for IgG against other\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Bartonella species<\/jats:italic>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Ten of 13 patients with confirmed\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">B. bacilliformis<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection were\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Bartonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      -specific IgG positive, and overall, 36\/48 of the samples were positive. In addition, 79\/206, 44\/200, 101\/180, and 57\/100 of the samples from Peru, Laos, Cambodia, and Ghana, respectively, were\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Bartonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      -specific IgG positive. Furthermore, ectoparasite pools from Cambodia, Laos, and Peru were tested using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) for the presence of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Bartonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      DNA. Of the sand fly pools collected in Peru, 0\/196 were qPCR positive; 15\/140 flea pools collected in Cambodia were qPCR positive; while 0\/105 ticks, 0\/22 fleas, and 0\/3 louse pools collected in Laos tested positive for\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Bartonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      DNA.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Evidence of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Bartonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      in fleas from Cambodia supports the possibility that humans are exposed to\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Bartonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      through this traditional vector. However,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Bartonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      species were not found in fleas, ticks, or lice from Laos, or sand flies from Peru. This could account for the lower positive serology among the population in Laos and the strictly localized nature of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">B. bacilliformis<\/jats:italic>\n                      infections in Peru. Human exposure to the Bartonella species and Bartonella as a human pathogen warrants further investigation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2021.0090","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,12]],"date-time":"2023-01-12T10:30:41Z","timestamp":1673519441000},"page":"9-17","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["<i>Bartonella<\/i>\n                    Species in Cambodia, Ghana, Laos, and Peru: Results from Vector and Serosurveys"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Kristin","family":"Mullins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA."},{"name":"Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Enrique","family":"Canal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Naval Medical Research Unit-6, Lima, Peru."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pidor","family":"Ouch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Naval Medical Research Unit-2, Phnom Penh, Cambodia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Didot","family":"Prasetyo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Naval Medical Research Unit-2, Phnom Penh, Cambodia."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4240-6220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Janice","family":"Tagoe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Naval Medical Research Unit-3 Ghana Detachment, Accra, Ghana."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naiki","family":"Attram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Naval Medical Research Unit-3 Ghana Detachment, Accra, Ghana."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Clara","family":"Yeboah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Naval Medical Research Unit-3 Ghana Detachment, Accra, Ghana."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Selassi","family":"Kumordjie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Naval Medical Research Unit-3 Ghana Detachment, Accra, Ghana."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Fox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Naval Medical Research Unit-3 Ghana Detachment, Accra, Ghana."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew G.","family":"Letizia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Naval Medical Research Unit-3 Ghana Detachment, Accra, Ghana."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Audrey","family":"Rachlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lao-Oxford-Mahosot Hospital-Wellcome Trust Research Unit, Microbiology Laboratory, Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Laos."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5325-8329","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hung Manh","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lao-Oxford-Mahosot Hospital-Wellcome Trust Research Unit, Microbiology Laboratory, Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Laos."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1187-2712","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew T.","family":"Robinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lao-Oxford-Mahosot Hospital-Wellcome Trust Research Unit, Microbiology Laboratory, Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Laos."},{"name":"Center for Tropical Medicine &amp; 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