{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T01:09:48Z","timestamp":1787792988885,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659312000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659312000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    In the past few decades, reported human cases of Colorado tick fever in the western United States have decreased dramatically. The goal of this study was to conduct surveillance for Colorado tick fever virus (CTFV) in\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Dermacentor<\/jats:italic>\n                    ticks in recreational sites in Colorado, Wyoming, and California to determine whether the virus is still present in\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Dermacentor<\/jats:italic>\n                    ticks from these states. Surveillance focused on regions where surveys had been conducted in the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s. Adult Rocky Mountain wood ticks (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Dermacentor andersoni<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), Pacific Coast ticks (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Dermacentor occidentalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    ), and winter ticks (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Dermacentor albipictus<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) were tested by PCR. A subset of PCR-positive\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">D. andersoni<\/jats:italic>\n                    ticks (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20097) were cultured in Vero cells. CTFV-positive Rocky Mountain wood ticks were found in all states: Colorado (58% prevalence), Wyoming (21%), and California (4%). Although no winter ticks tested positive, Pacific Coast ticks tested positive in one county (Siskiyou County, 15% prevalence) and were positive only in a location that also maintained Rocky Mountain wood ticks and golden mantled ground squirrels, a known CTFV host. In summary, CTFV is prevalent in\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">D. andersoni<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">D. occidentalis<\/jats:italic>\n                    in regions where they are sympatric in California and in\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">D. andersoni<\/jats:italic>\n                    in Colorado and Wyoming. Although the number of human CTFV cases has declined dramatically, this decrease in reported disease does not appear to be due to the disappearance or even the decline in prevalence of this virus in ticks in historically endemic regions of the country.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2022.0018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,25]],"date-time":"2022-07-25T11:29:03Z","timestamp":1658748543000},"page":"443-448","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Colorado Tick Fever Virus in the Far West: Forgotten, but Not Gone"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Kerry A.","family":"Padgett","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Vector-Borne Disease Section, California Department of Public Health, Sacramento, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Kjemtrup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vector-Borne Disease Section, California Department of Public Health, Sacramento, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Novak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vector-Borne Disease Section, California Department of Public Health, Sacramento, California, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason O.","family":"Velez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Panella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_1","first-page":"779","article-title":"Colorado tick fever virus. In: Liu D, ed. Molecular Detection of Human Viral Pathogens. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press","author":"Basile AJ.","year":"2011","unstructured":"Basile AJ.; Colorado tick fever virus. In: Liu D, ed. Molecular Detection of Human Viral Pathogens. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. Taylor and Francis Group,, 2011:779\u2013790.","journal-title":"Taylor and Francis Group,"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_1","first-page":"36","article-title":"Tick-borne infections in Colorado\u2014The diagnosis and management of infections transmitted by the wood tick","volume":"27","author":"Becker RF","year":"1930","unstructured":"Becker RF. Tick-borne infections in Colorado\u2014The diagnosis and management of infections transmitted by the wood tick. 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MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 2015; 64:58\u201360.","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_17_1","volume-title":"University of California Publications, Bulletin of the California Insect Survey","author":"Furman DP","year":"1984","unstructured":"Furman DP, , Loomis EC. The Ticks of California. University of California Publications, Bulletin of the California Insect Survey. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1984:25, 239pp."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2013.1568"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-88-3-303"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-7125(03)00096-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_21_1","first-page":"2","article-title":"Colorado tick fever discovered in California","author":"Kohls GM","year":"1955","unstructured":"Kohls GM. Colorado tick fever discovered in California. 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