{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]],"date-time":"2026-07-18T17:23:57Z","timestamp":1784395437196,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661990400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Spotted fever group\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Rickettsia<\/jats:italic>\n                    species are intracellular bacteria transmitted by tick or mite vectors and that cause human diseases referred to as spotted fever group rickettsioses, or spotted fevers. In the United States, the most recognized and commonly reported spotted fevers are Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Rickettsia rickettsii<\/jats:italic>\n                    ),\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Rickettsia parkeri<\/jats:italic>\n                    rickettsiosis, Pacific Coast tick fever (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Rickettsia<\/jats:italic>\n                    species 364D), and rickettsialpox (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Rickettsia akari<\/jats:italic>\n                    ). In this study, we summarize and evaluate surveillance data on spotted fever cases reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) through the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System from 2010 to 2018. During this period, there were 36,632 reported cases of spotted fevers with 95.83% (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200935,104) reported as meeting the case definition as probable and 4.17% (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20091528) reported as meeting the case definition as confirmed. The average national incidence of total cases, both probable and confirmed, was 12.77 cases per million persons per year. The highest statewide incidence was in Arkansas, with 256.84 per million per year, whereas the lowest incidence occurred in California, with 0.32 per million per year (note that spotted fevers were not notifiable in Hawaii and Alaska). Cases of spotted fevers were reported more frequently among males by gender, White by race, and non-Hispanic by ethnicity. The incidence of spotted fevers increased significantly from 2010 to 2018, but it is uncertain how many of the reported cases were RMSF and how many developed from more moderate spotted fevers. Improvement of the ability to differentiate between spotted fever group\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Rickettsia<\/jats:italic>\n                    species is needed.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2022.0021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,29]],"date-time":"2022-08-29T11:59:49Z","timestamp":1661774389000},"page":"491-497","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Increasing Incidence of Spotted Fever Group Rickettsioses in the United States, 2010\u20132018"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Bishop","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Texas A&amp;M University, College Station, Texas, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Borski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences, Texas A&amp;M University, College Station, Texas, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7850-0406","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hsiao-Hsuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology and Conservation Biology, Texas A&amp;M University, College Station, Texas, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taylor G.","family":"Donaldson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology, Texas A&amp;M University, College Station, Texas, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Avery","family":"Michalk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Science, Texas A&amp;M University, College Station, Texas, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annie","family":"Montgomery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences, Texas A&amp;M University, College Station, Texas, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samantha","family":"Heldman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Texas A&amp;M University, College Station, Texas, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Mogg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Management, and Texas A&amp;M University, College Station, Texas, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zakary","family":"Derouen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, Texas A&amp;M University, College Station, Texas, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William E.","family":"Grant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ecology and Conservation Biology, Texas A&amp;M University, College Station, Texas, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pete D.","family":"Teel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Entomology, Texas A&amp;M University, College Station, Texas, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1558\/5\/mmwr.mm6453a1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2019.2598"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1558\/5\/mmwr.rr6502a1"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2020.2754"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_1","unstructured":"CDC. Spotted Fever Rickettsiosis (Rickettsia spp.) 2010 Case Definition. National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (NNDSS); 2010. Available from: https:\/\/ndc.services.cdc.gov\/case-definitions\/spotted-fever-rickettsiosis-2010 (accessed September11 2018)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_1","unstructured":"CDC. Spotted fever rickettsiosis (including Rocky Mountain spotted fever) (SFR including RMSF) 2020 case definition. National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (NNDSS); 2020. Available from: https:\/\/ndc.services.cdc.gov\/case-definitions\/spotted-fever-rickettsiosis-2020 (accessed January5 2021)."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of tickborne rickettsial diseases: Rocky Mountain spotted fever, ehrlichioses, and anaplasmosis\u2014United States: A practical guide for physicians and other health-care and public health professionals","volume":"55","author":"Chapman AS","year":"2006","unstructured":"Chapman AS, , Bakken JS, , Folk SM, et al. Diagnosis and management of tickborne rickettsial diseases: Rocky Mountain spotted fever, ehrlichioses, and anaplasmosis\u2014United States: A practical guide for physicians and other health-care and public health professionals. 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