{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,7]],"date-time":"2026-11-07T17:08:53Z","timestamp":1794071333537,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]],"date-time":"2023-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680307200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,1]],"date-time":"2023-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680307200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Lyme borreliosis (LB), a tick bite-transmitted infection caused by\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato<\/jats:italic>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Bbsl<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) complex spirochetes, is the most common tickborne disease in Europe. Studies in European countries have reported LB seroprevalence (prevalence of antibodies to\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Bbsl<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection) and diagnostic strategies used for testing. We conducted a systematic literature review to summarize contemporary LB seroprevalence in Europe.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PubMed, Embase, and CABI Direct (Global Health) databases were searched from 2005 to 2020 to identify studies reporting LB seroprevalence in European countries. Reported single-tier and two-tier test results were summarized; algorithms (standard or modified) were used to interpret final test results from studies that used two-tier testing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The search yielded 61 articles from 22 European countries. Studies used a range of diagnostic testing methods and strategies (48% single-tier, 46% standard two-tier, and 6% modified two-tier). In 39 population-based studies, of which 14 were nationally representative, seroprevalence estimates ranged from 2.7% (Norway) to 20% (Finland). There was substantial heterogeneity among studies in terms of design, cohort types, periods sampled, sample sizes, and diagnostics, which limited cross-study comparisons. Nevertheless, among studies that reported seroprevalence in persons with greater exposure to ticks, LB seroprevalence was higher among these groups than in the general population (40.6% vs. 3.9%). Furthermore, among studies that used two-tier testing, general population LB seroprevalence was higher in Western Europe (13.6%) and Eastern Europe (11.1%) than in Northern Europe (4.2%) and Southern Europe (3.9%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Despite variations in LB seroprevalence between and within European subregions and countries, high seroprevalence was observed in certain geographic regions and particular risk groups, suggesting significant disease burden and supporting the need for improved, targeted public health interventions such as vaccination. Harmonized approaches to serologic testing and more nationally representative seroprevalence studies are needed to better understand the prevalence of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Bbsl<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection in Europe.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2022.0069","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,18]],"date-time":"2023-04-18T11:44:14Z","timestamp":1681818254000},"page":"195-220","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Seroprevalence of Lyme Borreliosis in Europe: Results from a Systematic Literature Review (2005\u20132020)"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Leah","family":"Burn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"P95 Pharmacovigilance &amp; Epidemiology, Princeton, New Jersey, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Pilz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pfizer Global Medical Affairs, Vaccines, Vienna, Austria."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Vyse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pfizer Vaccines Medical, Walton Oaks, United Kingdom."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aura Victoria","family":"Guti\u00e9rrez Rab\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"P95 Pharmacovigilance &amp; Epidemiology, Leuven, Belgium."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frederick J.","family":"Angulo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pfizer Vaccines Medical Development, Scientific and Clinical Affairs, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thao Mai Phuong","family":"Tran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"P95 Pharmacovigilance &amp; Epidemiology, Leuven, Belgium."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark A.","family":"Fletcher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pfizer Emerging Markets Medical Affairs, Vaccines, Paris, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bradford D.","family":"Gessner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pfizer Vaccines Medical Development, Scientific and Clinical Affairs, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer C.","family":"Mo\u00efsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pfizer Medical Development, Scientific and Clinical Affairs, Vaccines, Paris, France."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James H.","family":"Stark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pfizer Vaccines Medical Development, Scientific and Clinical Affairs, Collegeville, Pennsylvania, USA."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3906\/sag-1807-160"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_3_1","first-page":"247","article-title":"N, et al. 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