{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T06:56:43Z","timestamp":1777877803914,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,1]],"date-time":"2023-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1688169600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Birds can cross geographical and environmental barriers and thereby facilitate dispersal of tick-borne pathogens both as carriers of infected ticks and as reservoirs of pathogenic microorganisms.\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Ixodes lividus<\/jats:italic>\n                      (Ixodida: Ixodidae) is an endophilic tick in the Palearctic region that is highly specialized on its host, the European sand martin\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Riparia riparia<\/jats:italic>\n                      . The purpose of this study was to determine whether\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">I. lividus<\/jats:italic>\n                      ticks sampled from sand martin nests in Sweden carry vector-borne pathogens.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fed ticks were collected in the autumns of 2017 and 2019 from the nests of a European sand martin colony in southern Sweden. Ticks were identified morphologically to developmental stage and species and were tested for tick-borne pathogens using PCR-based methods.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      None of the 41 ticks tested positive for five tick-borne pathogens including\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Borrelia<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp., tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV),\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Neoehrlichia mikurensis, Anaplasma phagocytophilum<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Babesia<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. Thirty-seven (13 females, 23 nymphs and 1 larva) of the 41 ticks tested positive for the\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">gltA<\/jats:italic>\n                      gene of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Rickettsia<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. The sequences of the 17 kDa and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">gltA<\/jats:italic>\n                      genes were most closely related to\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Candidatus<\/jats:italic>\n                      Rickettsia vini.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Our study confirms other reports that\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">I. lividus<\/jats:italic>\n                      ticks associated with the European sand martin have high infection prevalence of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Ca.<\/jats:italic>\n                      R. vini.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2022.0081","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,19]],"date-time":"2023-05-19T10:00:16Z","timestamp":1684490416000},"page":"378-383","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["<i>Candidatus<\/i>\n                    Rickettsia Vini DNA in Ticks Collected from Nest Burrows of the European Sand Martin (\n                    <i>Riparia riparia<\/i>\n                    ) in Sweden"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Peter","family":"Wilhelmsson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Inflammation and Infection, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Link\u00f6ping University, Link\u00f6ping, Sweden."},{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology, Laboratory Medicine, Region J\u00f6nk\u00f6ping County Hospital, J\u00f6nk\u00f6ping, Sweden."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Per-Eric","family":"Lindgren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Inflammation and Infection, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Link\u00f6ping University, Link\u00f6ping, Sweden."},{"name":"Department of Clinical Microbiology, Laboratory Medicine, Region J\u00f6nk\u00f6ping County Hospital, J\u00f6nk\u00f6ping, Sweden."},{"name":"National Reference Laboratory for Borrelia and Other Tick-Borne Bacteria, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Laboratory Medicine, Region J\u00f6nk\u00f6ping County Hospital, J\u00f6nk\u00f6ping, Sweden."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thord","family":"Fransson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Research and Monitoring, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, 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