{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T22:57:47Z","timestamp":1785020267171,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696118400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696118400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA) is a vector-borne natural focal disease that is not officially registered in Ukraine. The first 13 cases of HGA in adults in Ukraine were identified in 2007. The purpose of our study was to develop a predictive model of HGA based on clinical and laboratory characteristics to develop a three-level standard case definition of HGA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Researchers examined 498 patients with suspected tick-borne infections and carried out a retrospective clinical and epidemiological analysis of 60 cases recruited from Lviv regional infectious disease hospitals. Logistic regression was used to create a model of the probability of the diagnosis of HGA depending on the presence of certain clinical and laboratory factors that, when examined, together may help to confirm a case of HGA. For logistic regression, eight clinical and laboratory factors were selected: history of tick bite, hyperthermia, signs of pharyngitis, changes in chest X-ray picture (enhancement of the pulmonary pattern and enlargement of the lung root boundaries), increased bilirubin (\u02c321\u2009\u03bcmol\/L), increased alanine aminotransferase (ALT \u02c336\u2009U\/L), erythema migrans, and detected Lyme disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In the presence of all eight factors, the probability of HGA is 95.7%. When the five main signs are absent\u2014signs of pharyngitis, changes in chest X-ray picture, increased bilirubin and ALT, and a history of tick bite\u2014the probability of HGA in the patient dramatically decreases to 6.8%, meaning that HGA might be excluded.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Based on the analysis of epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory signs, criteria for establishing a suspected, probable, and confirmed diagnosis of HGA have been developed to improve diagnosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2023.0032","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,21]],"date-time":"2023-08-21T11:06:55Z","timestamp":1692616015000},"page":"507-513","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Development of a Model for Preliminary Diagnosis of Human Granulocytic Anaplasmosis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Iryna","family":"Ben","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9110-577X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olena","family":"Zubach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Zinchuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/vzoo-2016-0018"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2644\/4\/aaem\/110214"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens9020150"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2015.02.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31640\/LS-2015-(7-8)-29"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_1","unstructured":"Ben II Biletska HV. Study of Human Granulocytic Anaplasmosis in the Western Regions of Ukraine. Proceedings of the Conference Dedicated to the Day of Science. Modern Problems of Epidemiology Microbiology and Hygiene; Lviv: LRIEH 2008; pp. 297\u2013304 [in Ukrainian]."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2012.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_1","unstructured":"Biletska HV Ben II. Serological Verification of Human Granulocytic Anaplasmosis in Ukraine. Proceedings of the Conference Infectious Diseases: Modern Problems of Diagnosis and Treatment. Bulletin of Infectious Diseases and Parasitology: St. Petersburg 2008; p. 26 [in Ukrainian]."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2004.01019.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Anaplasmosis (Human Granulocytic Anaplasmosis). Communicable Disease Management Protocol; 2016. Available from: https:\/\/www.gov.mb.ca\/health\/publichealth\/cdc\/protocol\/anaplasmosis.pdf [Last accessed: December23 2022]."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Anaplasmosis. Information for Public Health Officials. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; December 4 2020. Available from: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/anaplasmosis\/stats\/index.html [Last accessed: December24 2022]."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_13_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Anaplasmosis. Clinical and Laboratory Diagnosis. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; March 29 2021. Available from: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/anaplasmosis\/healthcare-providers\/clinical-lab-diagnosis.html [Last accessed: December24 2022]."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10071433"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/aqw155.002"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_3_5_16_1","first-page":"297","article-title":"Seroprevalence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in patients with suspected Lyme borreliosis","volume":"63","author":"Dvo\u0159\u00e1kov\u00e1 Heroldov\u00e1 M","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dvo\u0159\u00e1kov\u00e1 Heroldov\u00e1 M, , Dvo\u0159\u00e1\u010dkov\u00e1 M. Seroprevalence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in patients with suspected Lyme borreliosis. Epidemiol Mikrobiol Imunol, 2014; 63(4):297\u2013302 [article in Czech].","journal-title":"Epidemiol Mikrobiol Imunol"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_17_1","unstructured":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC). Factsheet on Human Granulocytic Anaplasmosis; 2022a. Available from: https:\/\/www.ecdc.europa.eu\/en\/all-topics-z\/human-granulocytic-anaplasmosis\/factsheet-human-granulocytic-anaplasmosis [Last accessed: July 20 2022]."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_18_1","unstructured":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC). Ixodes persulcatus\u2014Current Known Distribution: March 2022. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control; 2022b. Available from: https:\/\/www.ecdc.europa.eu\/en\/publications-data\/ixodes-persulcatus-current-known-distribution-march-2022 [Last accessed: July20 2022]."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2022.101965"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-2048"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Harrell FE. Regression Modeling Strategies with Applications to Linear Models Logistic and Ordinal Regression and Survival Analysis. 2nd edition. Springer Science + Business Media: New York NY; 2015.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-19425-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.12262"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cll.2009.10.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1160\/3\/1681-2727.2017.3.8220"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_25_1","first-page":"5","article-title":"Ehrlichiosis is a new problem for medicine","volume":"2","author":"Kylypko LV","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kylypko LV, , Tymchenko OM, , Pokhil SI, et al. Ehrlichiosis is a new problem for medicine. Ann Mechnikovsky Inst, 2009; 2:5\u201313.","journal-title":"Ann Mechnikovsky Inst"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_26_1","unstructured":"Lang TA Secic M. How to Report Statistics in Medicine: Annotated Guidelines for Authors Editors and Reviewers Second edition. American College of Physicians: Philadelphia; 2006."},{"key":"e_1_3_5_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2015.09.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5772\/54912"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_29_1","first-page":"99","article-title":"Tick-borne infections in the Kharkiv region","volume":"3","author":"Malyi VP","year":"2010","unstructured":"Malyi VP, , Shepyleva NV, , Tkachenko LV. Tick-borne infections in the Kharkiv region. Int Med J, 2010; 3:99\u2013102.","journal-title":"Int Med J"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-019-3852-6"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ttbdis.2021.101763"},{"issue":"81","key":"e_1_3_5_32_1","first-page":"92","article-title":"Clinical cases of human granulocytic anaplasmosis in Volyn","volume":"3","author":"Morochkovskyi RS","year":"2015","unstructured":"Morochkovskyi RS, , Ben II. Clinical cases of human granulocytic anaplasmosis in Volyn. Infect Dis, 2015; 3(81):92\u201395.","journal-title":"Infect Dis"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2008.0072"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_3_5_34_1","first-page":"530","article-title":"Tick-borne diseases: Diagnosis and management","volume":"101","author":"Pace EJ","year":"2020","unstructured":"Pace EJ, , O'Reilly M. Tick-borne diseases: Diagnosis and management. Am Fam Physician, 2020; 101(9):530\u2013540.","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2013.0003"}],"container-title":["Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1089\/vbz.2023.0032","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/vbz.2023.0032","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1089\/vbz.2023.0032","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T23:02:55Z","timestamp":1777590175000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1089\/vbz.2023.0032"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1089\/vbz.2023.0032"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/vbz.2023.0032","relation":{},"ISSN":["1530-3667","1557-7759"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1530-3667","type":"print"},{"value":"1557-7759","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]}}}