{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T06:57:09Z","timestamp":1777877829848,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,1]],"date-time":"2024-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1717200000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The potential molluscicidal extracts, obtained from indigenous plants\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Cannabis sativa<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Acacia nilotica<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Tinospora cordifolia<\/jats:italic>\n                      , were tested for toxicity against freshwater pulmonate snail\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Lymnaea acuminata<\/jats:italic>\n                      , an intermediate host of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Fasciola hepatica<\/jats:italic>\n                      . The organic extracts had a significant effect on young snails.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All organic extracts and column-purified fractions gave median lethal concentrations (19\u2013100.05\u2009mg\/L; 24\u2009h) that fell well within the threshold level of 100\u2009mg\/L, set for a potential molluscicide by the World Health Organization.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The toxicity of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">T. cordifolia<\/jats:italic>\n                      stem acetone extract (96\u2009h LC\n                      <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                      : 16.08\u2009mg\/L) was more pronounced compared with\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">C. sativa<\/jats:italic>\n                      leaf ethanol extract (96\u2009h LC\n                      <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                      : 16.32\u2009mg\/L) and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">A. nilotica<\/jats:italic>\n                      leaf ethanol extract (96\u2009h LC\n                      <jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>\n                      : 24.78\u2009mg\/L). \u03b2-caryophyllene, gallic acid, and berberine were characterized and identified as active molluscicidal components. Co-migration of \u03b2-caryophyllene (retardation factor [R\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">f<\/jats:italic>\n                      ] 0.95), gallic acid (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Rf<\/jats:italic>\n                      0.30), and berberine (R\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">f<\/jats:italic>\n                      0.23) with column-purified parts of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Cannabis sativa<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Acacia nilotica<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Tinospora cordifolia<\/jats:italic>\n                      on thin-layer chromatography demonstrates same R\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">f<\/jats:italic>\n                      value, that is, 0.95, 0.30, and 0.23, respectively.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study indicates that these extracts thus represent potential plant-derived molluscicides that are worthy of further investigations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2023.0073","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,16]],"date-time":"2024-02-16T15:44:57Z","timestamp":1708098297000},"page":"382-389","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Laboratory Assessment of Molluscicidal Activities of\n                    <i>Cannabis sativa<\/i>\n                    ,\n                    <i>Acacia nilotica<\/i>\n                    , and\n                    <i>Tinospora cordifolia<\/i>\n                    Against Snail Host of\n                    <i>Fasciola spp.<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Nilay Vishal","family":"Singh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, Deen Dayal Upadhyay Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, India."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arundhati","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, Deen Dayal Upadhyay Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, India."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vinay Kumar","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, Deen Dayal Upadhyay Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, India."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5897\/JMPR10.468"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ecam\/nep187"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_3_4_4_1","first-page":"082","article-title":"Phytochemical and antibacterial investigation of bark extracts of Acacia nilotica","volume":"3","author":"Banso AJ","year":"2009","unstructured":"Banso AJ. 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