{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T06:57:12Z","timestamp":1777877832683,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]],"date-time":"2024-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722470400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"abstract":"\n Background:<\/jats:title>\n \n The control and prevention of rodent-borne diseases are mainly based on our knowledge of ecology and the infectious status of their reservoir hosts. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of\n Francisella tularensis<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Yersinia pestis<\/jats:italic>\n , and arenavirus infections in small mammals and to assess the potential of disease occurrence in East Azerbaijan, northwest of Iran, in 2017 and 2018.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n \n Spleen and lung samples were obtained from all trapped small mammals. The real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) method was used to detect nucleic acid sequences of\n F. tularensis<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Y. pestis<\/jats:italic>\n , and arenaviruses. Serum samples were tested for antibodies indicating the host response to\n F. tularensis<\/jats:italic>\n and Y\n . pestis<\/jats:italic>\n infections using the standard tube agglutination test and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n A total of 205 rodents, four Eulipotyphla, and one carnivore were captured. The most common rodent species captured (123 of 205 rodents, 60%) belonged to the genus\n Meriones<\/jats:italic>\n (mainly Persian jird,\n Meriones persicus<\/jats:italic>\n ). In total, 317 fleas were removed from trapped animals. Flea species belonged to\n Xenopsylla buxtoni, Xenopsylla nuttalli, Stenoponia tripectinata<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Paraceras melis<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Ctenophthalmus rettigi smiti<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Rhadinopsylla bivirgis<\/jats:italic>\n ,\n Paradoxopsyllus grenieri<\/jats:italic>\n , and\n Nosopsyllus iranus<\/jats:italic>\n . Using the qPCR tests, five spleen samples from\n M. persicus<\/jats:italic>\n were positive for\n F. tularensis<\/jats:italic>\n . The qPCR tests were negative for the detection of\n Y. pestis<\/jats:italic>\n and arenaviruses. Finally, all serum samples tested were negative for antibodies against\n Y. pestis<\/jats:italic>\n and\n F. tularensis<\/jats:italic>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n \n F. tularensis<\/jats:italic>\n was the only zoonotic agent detected in rodents captured in East Azerbaijan. However, the diversity of trapped rodents and fleas provides the potential for the spread of various rodent-borne viral and bacterial diseases in the studied areas.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2023.0089","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,22]],"date-time":"2024-05-22T05:09:26Z","timestamp":1716354566000},"page":"489-498","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The Epidemiological Investigation of\n Yersinia pestis<\/i>\n ,\n Francisella tularensis<\/i>\n , and Arenavirus Infections in Small Mammals in Northwestern Iran"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Ehsan","family":"Mostafavi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Reference Laboratory of Plague, Tularemia and Q Fever, Research Centre for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran."},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and 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Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmad","family":"Mahmoudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mostafa","family":"Salehi-Vaziri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Arboviruses and Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers (National Reference Laboratory), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmad","family":"Ghasemi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Research Center of Reference Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mahdi","family":"Rohani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Reference Laboratory of Plague, Tularemia and Q Fever, Research Centre for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran."},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Mohammadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Reference Laboratory of Plague, Tularemia and Q Fever, Research Centre for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran."},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Research Centre for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sana","family":"Eybpoosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Research Centre for Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Neda","family":"Baseri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christiane","family":"Denys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de Syt\u00e9matique, Evolution et Biodiversit\u00e9 (ISYEB), Mus\u00e9um National d\u2019Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, EPHE-PSL, Universit\u00e9 des Antilles, Paris, France."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Max","family":"Maurin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre National de R\u00e9f\u00e9rence Francisella tularensis, Institut de Biologie et Pathologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, Universit\u00e9 Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Violaine","family":"Nicolas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de Syt\u00e9matique, Evolution et Biodiversit\u00e9 (ISYEB), Mus\u00e9um National d\u2019Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, EPHE-PSL, Universit\u00e9 des Antilles, Paris, France."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aude","family":"Lalis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de Syt\u00e9matique, Evolution et Biodiversit\u00e9 (ISYEB), Mus\u00e9um National d\u2019Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, EPHE-PSL, Universit\u00e9 des Antilles, Paris, France."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jean-Pierre","family":"Hugot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de Syt\u00e9matique, Evolution et Biodiversit\u00e9 (ISYEB), Mus\u00e9um National d\u2019Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, EPHE-PSL, 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