{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T13:37:17Z","timestamp":1792503437815,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]],"date-time":"2024-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1722470400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Urban areas are unique ecosystems with stark differences in species abundance and composition compared with natural ecosystems. These differences can affect pathogen transmission dynamics, thereby altering zoonotic pathogen prevalence and diversity. In this study, we screened small mammals from natural and urban areas in the Netherlands for up to 19 zoonotic pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, and protozoan parasites.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In total, 578 small mammals were captured, including wood mice (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Apodemus sylvaticus<\/jats:italic>\n                      ), bank voles (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Myodes glareolus<\/jats:italic>\n                      ), yellow-necked mice (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Apodemus flavicollis<\/jats:italic>\n                      ), house mice (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Mus musculus<\/jats:italic>\n                      ), common voles (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Microtus arvalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      ), and greater white-toothed shrews (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Crocidura russula<\/jats:italic>\n                      ). We detected a wide variety of zoonotic pathogens in small mammals from both urban and natural areas. For a subset of these pathogens, in wood mice and bank voles, we then tested whether pathogen prevalence and diversity were associated with habitat type (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">i.e.,<\/jats:italic>\n                      natural versus urban), degree of greenness, and various host characteristics.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The prevalence of tick-borne zoonotic pathogens (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Borrelia<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Neoehrlichia mikurensis<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) was significantly higher in wood mice from natural areas. In contrast, the prevalence of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Bartonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. was higher in wood mice from urban areas, but this difference was not statistically significant. Pathogen diversity was higher in bank voles from natural habitats and increased with body weight for both rodent species, although this relationship depended on sex for bank voles. In addition, we detected methicillin-resistant\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      , extended-spectrum beta-lactamase\/AmpC-producing\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus for the first time in rodents in the Netherlands.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The differences between natural and urban areas are likely related to differences in the abundance and diversity of arthropod vectors and vertebrate community composition. With increasing environmental encroachment and changes in urban land use (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">e.g.,<\/jats:italic>\n                      urban greening), it is important to better understand transmission dynamics of zoonotic pathogens in urban environments to reduce potential disease risks for public health.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2023.0151","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,10]],"date-time":"2024-06-10T04:45:00Z","timestamp":1717994700000},"page":"478-488","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["T(r)icky Environments: Higher Prevalence of Tick-Borne Zoonotic Pathogens in Rodents from Natural Areas Compared with Urban Areas"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0940-1180","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marieke P.","family":"de Cock","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands."},{"name":"Quantitative Veterinary Epidemiology, Wageningen University &amp; Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0702-8263","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Val\u00e9rie O.","family":"Baede","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helen J.","family":"Esser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wildlife Ecology and Conservation Group, Wageningen University &amp; Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manoj","family":"Fonville","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ankje","family":"de Vries","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Willem F.","family":"de Boer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wildlife Ecology and Conservation Group, Wageningen University &amp; Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Calvin","family":"Mehl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany."},{"name":"German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-L\u00fcbeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rainer G.","family":"Ulrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany."},{"name":"German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-L\u00fcbeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gereon","family":"Schares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Epidemiology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renate W.","family":"Hakze-van der Honing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, The Netherlands."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wim H. 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