{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T19:31:54Z","timestamp":1791919914422,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,1]],"date-time":"2024-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725148800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"abstract":"\n Background:<\/jats:title>\n Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) have become an increasing public health concern in the past few decades, being associated with serious multidrug-resistant (MDR) infections. This study was conducted to investigate the role of diarrheic pet animals as potential reservoirs for virulent extensively drug-resistant (XDR) VRE and their threat on human health.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n \n Rectal swabs were collected from 153 diarrheic pet animals (80 dogs and 73 cats). The collected swabs were cultured on CHROMagar\n TM<\/jats:sup>\n VRE for the isolation of vancomycin-resistant\n Enterococcus faecalis<\/jats:italic>\n and\n Enterococcus faecium<\/jats:italic>\n , and then suspected colonies were identified as enterococci after Gram staining, conventional biochemical tests, and molecular techniques. VRE were basically identified using the disk diffusion method; however, molecular identification of\n vanA<\/jats:italic>\n and\n vanB<\/jats:italic>\n genes was carried out among confirmed VRE isolates. Moreover, three virulence genes (cytolysin A,\n cylA<\/jats:italic>\n ; enterococcal surface protein,\n esp<\/jats:italic>\n ; and hyaluronidase,\n hyl<\/jats:italic>\n ) were investigated in VRE isolates. Thereafter, VRE strains that harbored virulence genes were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n Eighteen out of 153 animals (11.8%) were positive for VRE, which were obtained from 15% and 8.2% of the examined dogs and cats, respectively. None of the obtained isolates carried the\n vanA<\/jats:italic>\n gene, whereas the\n vanB<\/jats:italic>\n gene was detected in\n E. faecalis<\/jats:italic>\n (4\/10) with a prevalence rate (40%). Of the obtained VRE isolates, five possessed\n esp<\/jats:italic>\n and\/or\n cylA<\/jats:italic>\n , while all strains were negative for the\n hyl<\/jats:italic>\n gene. Furthermore, four virulent VRE isolates exhibited an XDR pattern, and one isolate was MDR.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n \n Diarrheic pet animals could represent a potential zoonotic reservoir for virulent XDR vancomycin-resistant\n E. faecalis<\/jats:italic>\n , which may have serious public health implications.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2023.0167","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,27]],"date-time":"2024-05-27T04:20:02Z","timestamp":1716783602000},"page":"600-606","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Emergence of Virulent Extensively Drug-Resistant Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci Among Diarrheic Pet Animals: A Possible Public Health Threat on the Move"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Alaa A.","family":"Shaker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Samir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hala M.","family":"Zaher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khaled A.","family":"Abdel-Moein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2017.0147"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/14787210.6.5.637"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2761"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.9775\/kvfd.2018.20912"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1698\/8\/iuvfd.2016.15364"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/4065603"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2019.0380"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2019.0205"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.13.4.686"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S181339"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_1","volume-title":"CLSI supplement M100","author":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI)","year":"2021","unstructured":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). 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