{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,11]],"date-time":"2026-11-11T10:21:45Z","timestamp":1794392505480,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,19]],"date-time":"2011-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1316390400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Viral Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Existing therapies for chronic viral infections are still suboptimal or have considerable side effects, so new therapeutic strategies need to be developed. One option is to boost the host's immune response with cytokines. We have recently shown in an acute\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">ex vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    HIV infection model that co-administration of interferon (IFN)-\u03b1 and interleukin (IL)-7 allows us to combine the potent anti-HIV activity of IFN-\u03b1 with the beneficial effects of IL-7 on T-cell survival and function. Here we evaluated the effect of combining IFN-\u03b1 and IL-7 on viral replication\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    in the chronic lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) and acute Friend retrovirus (FV) infection models. In the chronic LCMV model, cytokine treatment was started during the early replication phase (i.e., on day 7 post-infection [pi]). Under the experimental conditions used, exogenous IFN-\u03b1 inhibited FV replication, but had no effect on viral replication in the LCMV model. There was no therapeutic benefit of IL-7 either alone or in combination with IFN-\u03b1 in either of the two infection models. In the LCMV model, dose-dependent effects of the cytokine combination on T-cell phenotype\/function were observed. It is possible that these effects would translate into antiviral activity in re-challenged mice. It is also possible that another type of IFN-\u03b1\/\u03b2 or induction of endogenous IFN-\u03b1\/\u03b2 alone or in combination with IL-7 would have antiviral activity in the LCMV model. Furthermore, we cannot exclude that some effect on viral titers would have been seen at later time points not investigated here (i.e., beyond day 34\u2009pi). Finally, IFN-\u03b1\/IL-7 may inhibit the replication of other viruses. Thus it might be worth testing these cytokines in other\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                    models of chronic viral infections.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/vim.2011.0006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,19]],"date-time":"2011-09-19T13:20:59Z","timestamp":1316438459000},"page":"375-385","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Evaluation of the Immunomodulatory and Antiviral Effects of the Cytokine Combination IFN-\u03b1 and IL-7 in the Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus and Friend Retrovirus Mouse Infection Models"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Annette","family":"Audig\u00e9","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Zurich","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ursula","family":"Hofer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Zurich","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulf","family":"Dittmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Duisburg-Essen","place":["Germany"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maries van den","family":"Broek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Zurich","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto F.","family":"Speck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Zurich","place":["Switzerland"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/eri.09.70"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.71.4.565"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2006.08.007"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.11.6571"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2009.02085.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/80868"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","first-page":"997","article-title":"Enhanced T cell recovery in HIV-1-infected adults through IL-7 treatment","volume":"119","author":"Levy Y","year":"2009","unstructured":"Levy Y, , Lacabaratz C, , Weiss L et al. Enhanced T cell recovery in HIV-1-infected adults through IL-7 treatment. J Clin Invest, 2009; 119:997\u20131007.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.cji.0000210386.55951.c2"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-10-186601"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20071681"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/157016209787048519"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0903175"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1000027107"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.175.6.3724"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_16_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus and immunology","volume":"263","author":"Zinkernagel RM","year":"2002","unstructured":"Zinkernagel RM. Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus and immunology. 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Processing of gene expression data generated by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. Biotechniques, 2002; 32:1372\u20131379.","journal-title":"Biotechniques"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-0934(91)90018-U"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.72.8.6554-6558.1998"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_28_2","first-page":"305","article-title":"Biological basis for a proper clinical application of alpha interferons","volume":"31","author":"Antonelli G","year":"2008","unstructured":"Antonelli G. Biological basis for a proper clinical application of alpha interferons. 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