{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T11:01:16Z","timestamp":1773313276641,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,1]],"date-time":"2018-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1543622400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,1]],"date-time":"2018-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1543622400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Viral Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Our work presents an epidemiological analysis of the dynamics and structure of the annual indicators such as Cumulative Incidence, Mortality Rate (MR), and Case Fatality Rate for infections preventable by vaccines (vaccine-preventable infections\u2013VPIs) in Ukraine between 1944 and 2015 compared to the same indicators for infections not preventable by vaccines (nonvaccine-preventable infections\u2013non-VPIs). In 1965, the proportion of all infectious diseases in the context of mortality (7.47%), and especially of VPI (3.77%), including those registered among children aged 0\u201314 years (2.12%), testifies to the low profile of infectious diseases by the time of routine vaccination introduction. The analyses of these particular data are important with respect to the role of vaccination programs in reducing not only the total infectious mortality but also mortality related to VPIs in the twentieth century. Interestingly, in Ukraine between 1965 and 2015, similar rates of mortality reduction were observed in both the total population (1.6\u20132.6 times) and in children under 14 (15.2\u201320.4 times) for both VPIs and non-VPIs. During the 1944\u20132015 period in Ukraine, the reduction of MR of VPI (tuberculosis, diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, poliomyelitis, measles, and hepatitis B) varied greatly, ranging from 40.5 times (tetanus) to 1,061.1 times (measles), but in general, the reduction incidence rate of VPI was significantly lower ranging from 42.4 times (measles) to 471.1 times (diphtheria). The ratio of incidence and mortality reduction in percent shows the contribution of vaccination to the mortality reduction for various infections during 1944\u20132015. This ratio ranged from 0% (tuberculosis) to 84.9% (tetanus), provided that the reduction of the VPI incidence 100% depends on vaccine effects. Thus, we can assume that the observed reduction in mortality for some VPIs was, in part, caused by factors not associated with vaccines.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/vim.2018.0054","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,9]],"date-time":"2018-10-09T17:10:48Z","timestamp":1539105048000},"page":"695-707","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Contribution of Vaccination to the Reduction of Infectious Mortality in Ukraine in the Second Half of the 20\n                    <sup>th<\/sup>\n                    and Early 21\n                    <sup>st<\/sup>\n                    Century: A Comparative Population-Based Study of the Dynamics and Structure of Infectious Mortality and Incidence"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Hennadii","family":"Mokhort","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alina","family":"Kovalchuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Olga","family":"Sokolovska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Higgs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biosecurity Research Institute, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-4453(84)93192-X"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.281.1.61"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","unstructured":"Distribution and epidemiological characteristics of the most important human infectious diseases in the Ukrainian SSR (1945\u20131972).\u2013Under the general editorship of Melnik MN Birkovskii YuE Pavlov AV et al. 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Kiev: The Republican Sanitary and Epidemiological Station of the Ministry of Health of the Ukrainian SSR 1978. [in Russian]."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_12_2","unstructured":"Information on incidence of the infectious diseases in 1978\u20131979 in the Ukrainian SSR. Kiev: The Republican Sanitary and Epidemiological Station of the Ministry of Health of the Ukrainian SSR 1980. [in Russian]."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_13_2","unstructured":"Information on incidence of the infectious diseases in 1980\u20131981 in the Ukrainian SSR. Kiev: The Republican Sanitary and Epidemiological Station of the Ministry of Health of the Ukrainian SSR 1982. [in Russian]."},{"key":"e_1_3_3_14_2","unstructured":"Information on incidence of the infectious diseases in 1982\u20131983 in the Ukrainian SSR. Kiev: The Republican Sanitary and Epidemiological Station of the Ministry of Health of the Ukrainian SSR 1984. 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