{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T20:13:49Z","timestamp":1789416829437,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,1]],"date-time":"2020-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1585699200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,1]],"date-time":"2020-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1585699200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Viral Immunology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is associated with increased risk of chronic diseases of the heart and vasculature, including myocarditis, atherosclerosis, and transplant vasculopathy. To investigate CMV infection of the heart, murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) was used to evaluate both acute and latent infection and the subsequent phenotypic and functional consequences of infection. Female BALB\/c mice were intraperitoneally (i.p.) inoculated with 1\u2009\u00d7\u200910\n                    <jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>\n                    pfu of MCMV and evaluated at 14 and 50 days postinfection (dpi). At each time point, echocardiography was used to evaluate cardiac function and histology was conducted for phenotypic evaluation. MCMV replication in the heart was detected as early as 3\u2009dpi and was no longer detectable at 14\u2009dpi. Infected animals had significant cardiac pathology at 14 and 50\u2009dpi when compared to uninfected controls. Histology revealed fibrosis of the heart as early as 14\u2009dpi and the presence of white fibrous deposits on the surface of the heart. Functional evaluation showed significantly increased heart rate and muscle thickening in the latently infected animals when compared to the control animals. At 50\u2009dpi, latent virus was measured by explant reactivation assay, demonstrating that MCMV establishes latency and is capable of reactivation from the heart, similar to other tissues such as spleen and salivary glands. Collectively, these studies illustrate that MCMV infection results in phenotypic alterations within the heart as early as 14\u2009dpi, which progress to functional abnormalities during latency. These findings are similar to sinus tachycardia and hypertrophy of the heart muscle observed in cases of HCMV-induced acute myocarditis.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/vim.2020.0007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,14]],"date-time":"2020-04-14T11:04:52Z","timestamp":1586862292000},"page":"237-245","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Heart Dysfunction Following Long-Term Murine Cytomegalovirus Infection: Fibrosis, Hypertrophy, and Tachycardia"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Cassandra M.","family":"Bonavita","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy M.","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Francis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Comparative Biological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rhonda D.","family":"Cardin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_5_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1006507"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2006.12.002"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2012.09.014"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00386-09"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.10133"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000427"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.00078"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2008.02457.x"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvu067"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00502-08"},{"key":"e_1_3_5_12_2","volume-title":"Fields virology","author":"Fields BN","year":"2001","unstructured":"Fields BN, , Knipe DM, , Howley PM, , and Griffin DE. 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