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Neither the time of publishing nor the language of the articles was limited. The descriptors used for this systematic literature review were: Tropical Paraparesis, Proto-Oncogenic Protein C, Bcl-2, Bcl-X Protein, Bax protein, Fas ligand (FasL) protein, Fas receptor, TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand and Fas-associated protein with death domain (FADD)-like apoptosis regulating. The search resulted in 546 articles from which 9 articles were selected for analysis; ranging from serum levels of Bcl-2, Fas and tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and the levels of cellular expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL the TCD4+ lymphocytes accessed by western blot. Most studies accessed either gene expression or polymorphism of Fas, FasL, and TRAIL in patients with HTLV-1-associated myelopathy\/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM\/TSP), whereas one study used flow cytometry and fluorescence to determine Fas expression. Increased Bcl-xL expression inhibited T lymphocyte apoptosis, whereas Bcl-2, serum levels, and cellular expression did not influence T lymphocyte apoptosis and serum levels of Fas were significantly higher and associated with markers of leukocyte activation in patients with HAM\/TSP. In addition, Fas polymorphism (FAS-670AA) was associated with higher proviral load. There is a need for additional research on this issue since the number of patients was small and the studies presented higher heterogeneity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1089\/vim.2020.0131","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,20]],"date-time":"2021-01-20T09:23:26Z","timestamp":1611134606000},"page":"380-391","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Intrinsic and Extrinsic Cell Apoptotic Pathways in Patients with HTLV-1-Associated Myelopathy\/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis: A Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"34","author":[{"given":"Ana Patr\u00edcia","family":"Bastos Ferreira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Post-graduation Program in Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (POSNEURO), Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Brazil."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana Paula Pimentel","family":"Cassilhas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Salgado de Oliveira University, S\u00e3o Gon\u00e7alo, Brazil."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patr\u00edcia","family":"Moura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pedro Augusto","family":"Sampaio Rocha-Filho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Post-graduation Program in Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (POSNEURO), Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Brazil."},{"name":"Division of Neuropsychiatry, Centro de Ci\u00eancias M\u00e9dicas, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Brazil."}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","first-page":"2683","article-title":"Genetic polymorphisms of Fas\/FasL promoter associated with hepatitis C cirrhosis and HCC","volume":"18","author":"Abed S","year":"2017","unstructured":"Abed S, , El-Dosoky M, , El SayedZaki M, et al. 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